Direct steam injection heat treatment on pilot scale was applied to investigate heat stability of concentrated skim milk across a broad range of temperatures from 117 Cto 153 C and from 0.5 to 13 s holding time, assessing options for heat treat treatment without a significant amount of protein sediment formation. The relationship between total solids content of concentrated skim milk and temperatureetime combinations of heat treatment could be established using minimal heat-induced coagulation as a criterion. Coagulation of destabilised casein micelles was shown to proceed non-linear over heating temperature. Transition of critical temperatureetime combinations resulted in a marked increase in sediment formation indicating that preceding reactions, noticeable as the formation of dissociated material, need to take place to some extent to induce coagulum formation. UHT pre-heat treatment of skim milk prior to concentration was shown to increase heat stability in terms of possible temperatureetime combinations without coagulation.     «

Direct steam injection heat treatment on pilot scale was applied to investigate heat stability of concentrated skim milk across a broad range of temperatures from 117 Cto 153 C and from 0.5 to 13 s holding time, assessing options for heat treat treatment without a significant amount of protein sediment formation. The relationship between total solids content of concentrated skim milk and temperatureetime combinations of heat treatment could be established using minimal heat-induced coagulation a...     »