As the population of satellites in a geocentric orbit is constantly increasing, it has reached a point where random collisions are no longer unlikely but more and more probable. Thus, the agencies of space-faring nations are interested in predicting the outcome of such fragmentation events in their long-term orbit models. In this context, one often recited model is the empirical NASA Breakup Model of EVOLVE 4.0, which can predict collision and explosion fragmentation events. It is crucial to model each fragment’s features like characteristic Length, area-to-mass ratio, and ejection velocity from the place of occurrence to fully understand the breakup and its consequences.
Despite its significance, the model has not yet been implemented in an open-source, documented, and reliable project. Hence, this work aims to change this circumstance by providing an implementation 1 in C++ 17 that consolidates the characteristics mentioned above. Beyond that, the implementation stands out for some other vital attributes like efficiency, performance, and delivering an extensive toolbox whose components can stand alone. For instance, this toolbox contains the option of reading the TLE format, containing orbital elements, or in reverse producing orbital elements by conversion from cartesian state vectors.
The implementation has undergone multiple tests in order to be successfully verified. Its results were compared to the original NASA references and public available partial implementations of the NASA Breakup Model.
The resulting implementation is performant by extensively using parallelization and a cache-optimized data layout. For example, a testing system simulated breakups with millions of random fragments being generated in less than a second.
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As the population of satellites in a geocentric orbit is constantly increasing, it has reached a point where random collisions are no longer unlikely but more and more probable. Thus, the agencies of space-faring nations are interested in predicting the outcome of such fragmentation events in their long-term orbit models. In this context, one often recited model is the empirical NASA Breakup Model of EVOLVE 4.0, which can predict collision and explosion fragmentation events. It is crucial to mod...
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