The transition from secondary school to university mathematics is a challenge for many students both in the German context and internationally. High dropout rates as well as students’ reasons for cancelling their studies or changing their subject indicate that many students are overstrained by the new situation and the more advanced learning content at the university level. Mathematical argumentation is one of the core processes of academic mathematics and, therefore, of particular importance for university studies. However, argumentation is complex and difficult to learn. One main prerequisite for mathematical argumentation is conceptual knowledge. As mathematical content at university becomes more abstract, students face problems developing appropriate conceptual knowledge. Consequently, lack of conceptual knowledge causes difficulties in solving mathematical problems correctly. The reasons why students have problems learning university mathematics content properly and difficulties in solving mathematical problems in detail are not yet evident.
To reduce this uncertainty, a model was developed that shows the structure of conceptual knowledge adapted for the transition from secondary school to university mathematics. The model also allows for insights into properties of concrete and abstract concepts, as well as tracing their influence in learning concepts. The theories of Tall and Vinner (1981) and Sfard (1991) serve as a basis for the model. Meanwhile, the model developed in this study connects the four components of mathematical concepts identified separately by Tall and Vinner (1981) and Sfard (1991) as an appropriate description for the secondary-tertiary transition in mathematics. The components used by the model consist of: concept image, concept definition, operational, and structural component. Additionally, an empirical analysis was designed in order to screen the accuracy of the theoretical model for describing this conceptual knowledge. Argumentation skills of first-year students in mathematics were also examined in the course of the study.
The results yielded by this empirical study verified the model’s design, showing that students struggle with mathematical argumentation and that concrete and abstract content highly influences students’ argumentation quality. Conceptual knowledge—especially for abstract university content—acts as the basis for mathematical argumentation and for learning mathematics in general. An appropriate development of conceptual knowledge across the four separate components should be fostered during the first year of university. If students’ conceptual knowledge learning is fostered in this manner, the high dropout rate in mathematics studies will possibly be reduced.
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The transition from secondary school to university mathematics is a challenge for many students both in the German context and internationally. High dropout rates as well as students’ reasons for cancelling their studies or changing their subject indicate that many students are overstrained by the new situation and the more advanced learning content at the university level. Mathematical argumentation is one of the core processes of academic mathematics and, therefore, of particular importance fo...
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