In spite of many different examinations, the diagnosis of the type of biliary obstruction is still a challenge to clinician, diagnostic radiology and pathology. Especially in case of malignancy a rapid starting of therapy is essential, because the main cases bile duct and pancreas carcinoma still have a very bad prognosis. In many publications the tissue diagnosis reaches only a low sensitivity to a maximum 70% during endoscopic-retrograde cholangiopancreatography. More and more used in pancreatobiliary region is the endosonographic fine-needle-puncture, which reaches much better results of 80% and more in studies with selected patients. Aim of our study was to compare both examinations with the different methods of tissue diagnosis. In the framework of the ERCP a brush and a newly invented spiral-brush from E. Frimberger were used for the cytology, and for the histological tissue diagnosis the forceps biopsy. The endosonographic fine-needle puncture was done with a 22gauge-needle. Examinations with tissue diagnosis in order of the randomisation were done on all 50 patients of the study (29 men, 21 women; average age 62,1 years). During the EUS there was only a fine-needle puncture, if a tumor or a local wall-thickening was to be approved. Reference methods were surgery, further biopsies or the clinical follow up of the patients, which lasted 20 months on average. Twenty-eight of the examined patients had a malignant tumor and 22 of them a benign result. In detail 16 pancreas and 12 bile duct carcinoma were found. The sensitivity of the ERCP-biopsy and the ERCP-cytology was 36% and 46% respectively. The EUS-fine needle puncture showed 43% sensitivity. In combination of all three methods a sensitivity of 71% was reached. The specificity was always 100%, we had no false positive results. Observing only the punctured cases, the sensitivity of the EUS-punctures improves to 75%. There was a trend for a better diagnosis of bile duct lesion with the ERCP (75% compared to 36% in EUS) and a higher diagnostic statement of the EUS for pancreatic tumors (60% compared to 25% in ERCP). However, no statistical significance could be proved, perhaps because of the rather small number of patients. The individual endoscopic methods with tissue diagnosis in the pancreatobiliary area still reach only unsatisfying results. For a meaningful and early diagnosis a combination of more than one method with histological or cytological diagnosis is recommended. On suspicion of a carcinoma of the pancreas diagnosis , the first examination should be the EUS, on suspicion of a bile duct carcinoma ERCP should first be done. Due to the high specificity of the examinations the treatment of malignoma can be done without further delay, if one positive result is found in the pathology.
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In spite of many different examinations, the diagnosis of the type of biliary obstruction is still a challenge to clinician, diagnostic radiology and pathology. Especially in case of malignancy a rapid starting of therapy is essential, because the main cases bile duct and pancreas carcinoma still have a very bad prognosis. In many publications the tissue diagnosis reaches only a low sensitivity to a maximum 70% during endoscopic-retrograde cholangiopancreatography. More and more used in panc...
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