Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are large macromolecular assemblies and the only gateways for nucleocytoplasmic exchange. Mainly due to their sheer size, the structural and functional characterization using traditional methods has been challenging. To analyze their structure in a close-to-life state, transport-active, intact nuclei from Dictyostelium discoideum were studied by means of cryo-electron tomography. Subvolumes of the tomograms containing individual NPCs were extracted in silico and subjected to three-dimensional classification and averaging, whereby distinct structural states were observed. The central plug/transporter (CP) was variable in volume and could occupy different positions along the nucleocytoplasmic axis, supporting the notion that it essentially represents cargo in transit. Changes in the position of the CP were accompanied by structural rearrangements in the NPC scaffold. Furthermore, gold labelling techniques were used to trace import complexes during their translocation. Implications for the transport mechanism are discussed. Finally, by performing a single particle analysis of about 4200 nuclear pore protomers (asymmetric units), an isotropically sampled structure resolved to 5.8 nm was obtained.
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Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are large macromolecular assemblies and the only gateways for nucleocytoplasmic exchange. Mainly due to their sheer size, the structural and functional characterization using traditional methods has been challenging. To analyze their structure in a close-to-life state, transport-active, intact nuclei from Dictyostelium discoideum were studied by means of cryo-electron tomography. Subvolumes of the tomograms containing individual NPCs were extracted in silico and sub...
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