In contrast to conventional gas sensors, laser spectroscopic sensors have long-term stability and are free of cross-sensitivity, but their use is not widespread because of the complexity. Aiming at breakthroughs to wider applications, design criteria for optimal laser-optical sensors are determined in this work. Within this frame theoretical limits on sensor resolution, measurement rate and compactness are derived. The resulting concept includes the use of novel components such as vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes, gas-permeable fibers and optimal signal processing, which allow a maximal reduction in sensor complexity. The question of how fast the laser wavelength can be tuned is answered and explained by a physically based analytical laser model. A novel hollow-fiber based optical cell is developed, which shows superior properties in terms of sample volume and optical path length. Optimum spectral sampling and optimum signal processing are derived, which enable a significant reduction in the number of optical sensor elements. Using the obtained knowledge, sensors for oxygen and carbon monoxide for combustion control, fire detection and medical breath analysis are developed. Their practical suitability is demonstrated under realistic conditions. Especially with the carbon monoxide sensor, a detection limit as low as pico-liter range is achieved.
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In contrast to conventional gas sensors, laser spectroscopic sensors have long-term stability and are free of cross-sensitivity, but their use is not widespread because of the complexity. Aiming at breakthroughs to wider applications, design criteria for optimal laser-optical sensors are determined in this work. Within this frame theoretical limits on sensor resolution, measurement rate and compactness are derived. The resulting concept includes the use of novel components such as vertical-cavit...
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