Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) represents a promising new drug target in the treatment of hypertension and vascular inflammation. Its chemical inhibition was previously shown
to lower blood pressure, protect the kidney from hypertension-caused damage as well as trigger anti-inflammatory effects. This dissertation is based on two projects connected to the elimination of sEH activity: the development of novel fluorescent assay systems testing potential sEH inhibitors and the post-transcriptional down-regulation of this enzyme on the cellular level by RNA interference (RNAi). In the first part, a series of novel α-cyanoester and α-cyanocarbonate epoxides were evaluated as potential sEH substrates for the development of two test systems: a rapid kinetic assay with improved sensitivity compared to the existing spectrophotometric test system as well as an endpoint assay with long incubation times that could be used for high-throughput screening of large compound libraries. Cyano(6-methoxy-naphthalen-2-yl)methyl trans-((3-phenyloxiran-2-yl)methyl) carbonate displayed a comparatively high specific activity with human sEH and was therefore selected for the rapid test system, while (3-phenyl-oxiranyl)-acetic acid cyano-(6-methoxy-naphthalen-2-yl)-methyl ester was chosen for the endpoint assay due to its high aqueous solubility and stability. Enzyme and substrate concentrations were optimized for both systems to achieve the desired assay sensitivity, reliability and reproducibility. The subsequent assay validation, which employed these optimized concentrations to test previously characterized inhibitors, confirmed the usefulness and applicability of both systems regarding sensitivity, accuracy and precision. The two novel fluorescence-based assay systems will be valuable tools in the development of improved sEH inhibitors and will thus help to enhance the treatment of vascular inflammation and hypertension. The second part deals with the endogenous silencing mechanism RNAi to post-transcriptionally down-regulate sEH and thus to provide an alternative to its chemical inhibition, which is still lacking a compound of therapeutic value. This objective first required the search for an appropriate human cell model system expressing sEH in easily detectable amounts. Out of the examined cell lines, the prostate carcinoma cell line 22RV1 was selected due to its comparatively high specific sEH activity. Subsequent experiments introducing synthetic siRNAs (short interfering RNAs) into the cells by electroporation were able to repeatedly show a 50% down-regulation of the target gene expression up to at least 96 h. This result is based on analyses of enzyme activity levels as well as mRNA levels of siRNA-treated cells. Although a higher impact on sEH mRNA and enzyme activity level was expected by RNAi, this study might represent a first step toward an alternative therapeutic approach for the cure of glaucoma, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and maybe even hypertension.
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