The conformational dynamics of heme-proteins at low temperatures was investigated by spectral hole-burning. This technique uses a chromophore in the interior of a protein as a probe for structural processes in its surroundings. Conformational changes of the protein lead to a different neighbourhood of the chromophore and therefore to (stochastic) shifts of its absorption frequency. Hence, the frequency distribution of a protein ensemble broadens with increasing time. The measurement of this so-called spectral diffusion allows for direct observation of the conformational dynamics of the proteins. The most noticeable result of all the experiments on proteins performed in this work was a power-law time-dependence of the spectral diffusion; in addition, weak aging effects could be observed. A consistent description of these results is possible in the framework of the so-called 'diffusion-model'. This model assumes, that conformational diffusive motions of aminoacid-residues in the neighbourhood of the chromophore are responsible for the spectral diffusion. These diffusive motions are coupled strongly to the rest of the protein, however. Thus, constrained 'anomalous' diffusion occurs. Power-laws (with an exponent different from ½) like the ones observed in the experiments are characteristic for such an anomalous diffusion. The (weak) aging effects can be integrated in the model by considering relaxation processes of the proteins (i.e. non-equilibrium processes, by which the proteins approach their equilibrium structure). Experiments were performed on different heme-proteins in various solvents (e.g. in water/glycerol- and in trehalose-glasses); in addition, the influence of solvent-deuteration on protein dynamics was investigated. Interpretation of the results within the framework of the diffusion model gave access to microscopic parameters of the protein dynamics under these conditions. Especially, it was possible to shed light on the nature of the trehalose-effect, which is of great biological importance.
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The conformational dynamics of heme-proteins at low temperatures was investigated by spectral hole-burning. This technique uses a chromophore in the interior of a protein as a probe for structural processes in its surroundings. Conformational changes of the protein lead to a different neighbourhood of the chromophore and therefore to (stochastic) shifts of its absorption frequency. Hence, the frequency distribution of a protein ensemble broadens with increasing time. The measurement of this so-c...
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