An innovative morphing system is investigated in the present thesis featuring a form-variable wing concept based on a membrane-type lifting surface. This thesis focuses on a wing made of an elasto-flexible membrane material sewn on two rigid spars, the leading- and the trailing edge. The membrane material has the capacity to deform according to its elasto-mechanical properties. The concept changes its geometry under different flow conditions. Therefore, the aerodynamics of such a wing is not fixed but varies with the incoming flow. The main objective of the present thesis is to thoroughly study the concept by means of numerical fluid-structure interaction investigations and conclude about the benefits gained.
The fluid-structure computations are developed for several geometries, namely on airfoils and wings. For each geometry, an experimental model is constructed to perform wind tunnel investigations. Aerodynamic forces, flow field velocities and membrane deformation are measured to evaluate the accuracy of the computations. As the fidelity of the computations are well estimated, further investigations are completed to increase the knowledge on elasto-flexible membrane wing concepts. The influence of different parameters such as the dynamic pressure, the angle of attack, turbulence characteristics or unsteady flow conditions are considered.
Within this thesis, the advantages of an elasto-flexible membrane concept are highlighted by comparing the aerodynamics of the variable geometry to its rigid counterpart. The flexibility of the material and its adaptivity to the free stream allow the membrane to adjust its shape to the pressure distribution. The aerodynamics of the wing shows a pronounced dependency on the angle of attack, the dynamic pressure and the unsteady flow conditions. The camber is accentuated in a positive or negative direction resulting in an increase or decrease of the lifting capacity. The stall onset is postponed to higher angles of attack while the abrupt decrease of the lift is replaced by a gradual loss of it. Non-linear effects are observed due to the non-linear adaptation of the membrane. The laminar-turbulent transition in the boundary layer affects the fluid-structure interaction as well. In this case, the presence of a laminar separation bubble is observed and found to be sensitive to the suction peak at the leading edge. Finally, when the wing experiences a gust, the membrane permits to mitigate the lift at high angles of attack, which shows a great potential for an alleviation of aerodynamic peak loads.
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An innovative morphing system is investigated in the present thesis featuring a form-variable wing concept based on a membrane-type lifting surface. This thesis focuses on a wing made of an elasto-flexible membrane material sewn on two rigid spars, the leading- and the trailing edge. The membrane material has the capacity to deform according to its elasto-mechanical properties. The concept changes its geometry under different flow conditions. Therefore, the aerodynamics of such a wing is not fix...
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