Continuum mechanics is the basis for the formulation of reliable and robust nonlinear finite elements. In this thesis, multiple geometrically nonlinear finite elements in 2D are developed with a Total Lagrangian (TL) approach: truss members, plates in plane strain or plane stress state, and Euler-Bernoulli beams. Additionally, an expansion of the plate in plane stress element to 3D is conducted, meaning that it can also be used for membrane analysis. The Principle of Virtual Work is drafted according to the laws of continuum
mechanics. By reducing the continuum to the desired geometry, the general formulas of continuum mechanics can be adapted. Geometry and displacements of all elements without bending resistance are discretized with an isoparametric approach. Because the classic displacement interpolation by Hermite shape functions for the beam element fails
in a nonlinear TL analysis, a new beam element is introduced by means of cubic Hermite splines. As a result, the element does not possess rotational degrees of freedom, but tangential ones and thus rotational boundary conditions are treated specially. Several examples of geometric nonlinear benchmarks without bending action show good accuracy for the truss, plate and membrane elements. It is demonstrated in bending problems
that the interpolation by Hermite shape functions can not be applied in case of large displacements and rotations. However, the integration of cubic Hermite splines in the geometry description yields a good-performing new isoparametric element.
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Continuum mechanics is the basis for the formulation of reliable and robust nonlinear finite elements. In this thesis, multiple geometrically nonlinear finite elements in 2D are developed with a Total Lagrangian (TL) approach: truss members, plates in plane strain or plane stress state, and Euler-Bernoulli beams. Additionally, an expansion of the plate in plane stress element to 3D is conducted, meaning that it can also be used for membrane analysis. The Principle of Virtual Work is drafted acco...
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