The presented study is aimed at analysing the dynamics of vegetation development in the high altitude stands of the Bavarian Forest National Park killed off partially or completely by bark beetle. After the storm calamities in 1983/1986 the bark beetle gradation reached its climax in 1996/1997 and is still continuing. Up to the year 2000, 85% of the indigenous spruce stands in the higher elevations had died. During this period the National Park was enlarged. In the expanded region, contrary to the original region, measures to fight bark beetle and to increase regeneration by means of plantation will be carried out for a limited period. In addition to the detailed examination of the natural regeneration in an early phase(inter- and intraspecific competition), the damage of the old stands, changes in the ground vegetation and the seed reservoir of the flora are analysed. The natural regeneration mostly consists of Norway spruce in an initial regeneration phase (germination year 1996). The average density of natural regeneration in the examined stands decreased from about 30,000 plants/ha (1998) to less than half that number in 2000. This value is significantly influenced by the elevation: Numbers of over 50,000 plants/ha below 1,275 m are contrasted by only 2,400 plants/ha in higher elevations. Moreover, the degree of dieback by bark beetle attack has an influence on the density of natural regeneration in stands under 1,275 m. The main reason for the loss of seedlings is litter cover from the killed old trees. The survival probability grows with increasing height of the plants, the yearly height increment, however, is very low. Thus for successful establishment the seedlings need sites with litter, decaying stumps or the vegetation free area close to rotting stumps. The number of species, the average cover percent and the frequency of plants in the ground vegetation has changed little in the course of the studies, in some cases successional species could be observed as new species. The cover percent of the ground vegetation was mainly influenced by the degree of damage of the old stands. The distribution of the seedlings is clustered both in each investigated stand and in the whole higher elevations.The average amount of viable seeds in the seed reservoir was 887 seeds/m². The reservoir is dominated by one or two species. Some species are, although occuring frequently in the experimental plots, less represented in the seed reservoir. This shows that this dominating species reproduce mainly vegetatively.The results of this project show the dynamics of montane stands after widespread mortality of the tree layer. Although the period of the survey was restricted to 3 years, basic processes in the regeneration of the stands could be shown. From the results the probable future development of plant numbers of the natural regeneration and recommendations for the future treatment of the montane stands can be deduced.
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The presented study is aimed at analysing the dynamics of vegetation development in the high altitude stands of the Bavarian Forest National Park killed off partially or completely by bark beetle. After the storm calamities in 1983/1986 the bark beetle gradation reached its climax in 1996/1997 and is still continuing. Up to the year 2000, 85% of the indigenous spruce stands in the higher elevations had died. During this period the National Park was enlarged. In the expanded region, contrary to t...
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