The first part of this thesis pinpointed the outstanding properties of macromolecular lubricants in different scenarios. In the framework of those experiments, a custom-made oscillatory tribology setup was developed, that complements a commercial rotational measuring unit. Example studies in the fields of food engineering and cartilage tribology were conducted and the abilities of macromolecular lubricants to reduce both, friction and wear formation were highlighted. As one particular example, the possibilities and limitations of mucin solutions were further investigated in detail to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that underlie macromolecular lubrication.
In the second part, macromolecules were immobilized onto technical polymer surfaces in the form of polymer-brush coatings. In this context, a multi-step coating process was developed that allows to covalently bind mucin glycoproteins onto a variety of medically relevant polymer materials. It was shown, that this coating strategy is capable of creating mechanically stable mucin layers, which can further resist a broad range of physiologically relevant environmental conditions. Moreover, this thesis demonstrated that surface-bound macromolecules can interact with other solubilized macromolecules and that these interactions are mostly of steric nature, i.e. entanglement, and less governed by electrostatic effects.
The third part of this thesis continued in the field of macromolecular coatings; however, the viewpoint was shifted from lubrication to creating coatings, that interact directly with their environment. To underline the tuneability of macromolecular coatings, a platform was presented that allows for investigating the selective binding properties of macromolecules in a porous PDMS sponge. Furthermore, it was shown that the mucin coating presented before also exhibits intrinsic anti-biofouling properties, i.e. it reduces the undesirable deposition of proteins, bacteria and fibroblasts. Finally, a strategy is presented, how polymer-brush coatings can be loaded with antibiotic drugs and that the drugs remain entrapped inside the polymer layer until the layer is exposed to a physiological salt concentration. By applying a multilayer approach this strategy was complemented with a second antibiotic reservoir, which liberates antibiotics only as a response to reoccurring inflammations.
Combined, the three aspects of this approach, i.e. reduction of friction-induced inflammations, intrinsic anti-fouling properties, and the controlled release of anti-inflammatory or antibacterial drugs build a strong foundation for controlling device and implant-associated health care-associated infections (HCAIs). Moreover, this approach is extremely versatile as all strategies presented here can also be applied using different macromolecules on different substrates or different drugs.
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The first part of this thesis pinpointed the outstanding properties of macromolecular lubricants in different scenarios. In the framework of those experiments, a custom-made oscillatory tribology setup was developed, that complements a commercial rotational measuring unit. Example studies in the fields of food engineering and cartilage tribology were conducted and the abilities of macromolecular lubricants to reduce both, friction and wear formation were highlighted. As one particular example, t...
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