This thesis examined 60 long-term experimental plots across Europe and provides information on the productivity of mixed mountain forests consisting of European beech, Norway spruce, and silver fir for the first time. Using simulation-based analyses, this thesis also shows possible ways to transform destabilised secondary spruce stands in mountainous areas into stable mixed mountain forests. Furthermore, the effect of successional stage on the number of species of 33 functional groups was quantified.     «

This thesis examined 60 long-term experimental plots across Europe and provides information on the productivity of mixed mountain forests consisting of European beech, Norway spruce, and silver fir for the first time. Using simulation-based analyses, this thesis also shows possible ways to transform destabilised secondary spruce stands in mountainous areas into stable mixed mountain forests. Furthermore, the effect of successional stage on the number of species of 33 functional groups was quanti...     »