From 1996 to 1998, an isolated mixed population of the Green toad (Bufo viridis) and the Natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) was studied in a secondary habitat in the district of Fürstenfeldbruck in Upper Bavaria. The area, which was examined, is divided into three former gravel pits that are characterized by strong succession and one rubble dump that is still in use. Natterjack and Green toad showed the same reproduction habits concerning locality and time and regularily met at spawning grounds. Mispairings between both species often occured and reached levels up to 50 percent of all pairings that were examined during one spawning period. Because of some Natterjack toads that were conspicous for their phenology, a forming of hybrids was suggested, but could not be proven by genetic analysis. Both Bufonidae were relatively loyal to their spawning grounds and their summer life zone. An corresponding hint was given by Anura that were captured for several times. Marked individuals were often caught in the same or the neighbouring trap. In addition, both species were closely bound to the places where they hid during the day. Identical day-coverts were as well visited during one period of spawning as for several years by certain toads. In the course of the years 1996 to 1998, the population of both the Green and the Natterjack toad continously decreased from 238 to 155 and finally to 106 individuals in all the three pits. A possible reason for this decrease could be seen in the changing structure of their habitats and especially in the succession of the spawning grounds.The Natterjack toad was proven to be less tolerant towards this structural changes than the Green toad. In that way, the proportion of both Bufonidae to each other changed from 101:137, then to 59:96 and finally to 59:47 during the years 1996 to 1998 in the whole examination area. Natterjack and Green toad both showed an exchange of individuals only to a small extent between the gravel pits in the examination area, although the distances between these habitats were only of 250, 500 and 750 metres. Nevertheless, there were lively migrations between their winter quarters, their summer life zone and their spawning grounds. When these spawning grounds and the summer life zone met concerning the aspect of space, the home range of both Bufonidae were situated between 150 and 1075 square metres. The average routes of migration lay between 8,2 and 31,8 metres. Although the home range of toads is very small, 143 species of beetles in the feces of both Bufonidae were proven by diet composition. Both species of toads have a very widespread spectrum of beetles that fall prey to them. Due to that fact, beetles of a size from 1 to 20 millimetres were exterminated by the Green toad, wheras the Natterjack toad exterminated beetles of a size between 1 to 23 millimetres. The spectrum of captured beetle increased proportional to the height of the toads. The toads used their whole life zone for food intake. So, not only species of beetles from open areas with little vegetation, but also from sections that are more fertile were to be found in food leftovers. Essential differences concerning the spectrum of beetles that were devoured by the Natterjack and the Green toad could not be proven as a fact. Due to the results of the study, breeding sitescompetition between both Bufonidae concerning their spawning grounds, females, quarters and prey has to be suggested.
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From 1996 to 1998, an isolated mixed population of the Green toad (Bufo viridis) and the Natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) was studied in a secondary habitat in the district of Fürstenfeldbruck in Upper Bavaria. The area, which was examined, is divided into three former gravel pits that are characterized by strong succession and one rubble dump that is still in use. Natterjack and Green toad showed the same reproduction habits concerning locality and time and regularily met at spawning grounds. Mi...
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