Parkinson´s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, which was already described in detail in 1817 by the British physician James Parkinson. This includes the four main symptoms of resting tremor, slowing of movements, postural instability and rigidity. The incidence of Parkinson´s increases significantly with age which is why the importance especially raises in the aging society. The underlying mechanisms of the disease are not yet completely decoded; especially the initial phase with non-specific symptoms is of great interest in investigations.
In the following work, disease-relevant mechanisms were systematically investigated. In focus of the analyses were on the one hand essential trace elements and on the other hand compounds of the metabolism. The analyses were carried out in human cerebrospinal fluid. This material is closely linked to the brain and indicates most clearly changes due to neurodegenerative diseases. The concentration of the trace elements Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn measured by ICP-MS, indicated only slight changes. A detailed investigation of these trace elements was performed with species characterization by SEC-ICP-MS. This showed especially for Cu significant changes in size fractions. However, these results were not only considered separately, but also in relation to each other. Numerous unbalanced size ratios between the individual trace elements turned out. In particular the Cu amino acid fraction crystallized out to be extremely interesting. Furthermore, a Se-speciation as well as a speciation of the redox forms of Fe were carried out. Both studies indicated unspecific changes for the corresponding species. Due to the special position of the amino acid fraction in the results of SEC-ICP-MS, the amino acids were extensively investigated. In connection to that, an increase of serine was observed in comparison to the controls. Amino acid fractions were also analyzed for their content of Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Sr, and Zn by ICP-MS. In the process several differing concentrations in amino acid fractions could be measured. Since amino acids occur in the enantiomeric forms D and L, these have also been investigated. An increase in the D-alanine concentration was identified. In addition, a non-targeted study with FT-ICR-MS revealed changes in different metabolic pathways indicating increased oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation. The results of trace element-based and metabolic-based studies were subsequently analyzed using data integration to uncover connections between metallomics and metabolomics.
In summary, this work has substantiated existing studies on Parkinson´s disease and added new knowledge as well as in-depth investigation.
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Parkinson´s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, which was already described in detail in 1817 by the British physician James Parkinson. This includes the four main symptoms of resting tremor, slowing of movements, postural instability and rigidity. The incidence of Parkinson´s increases significantly with age which is why the importance especially raises in the aging society. The underlying mechanisms of the disease are not yet completely decoded; especially the initial...
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