The work presented in this thesis includes the development of an experimental system for robot assisted, minimally invasive surgery. The system comprises four manipulators (three endoscopic grippers and a stereo camera) and a master console equipped with 3D stereo vision. The main purpose of this project was the evaluation of the impact of force feedback on surgical procedures and the inclusion of automated routines into the control of the system. The former was achieved by equipping the endoscopic instruments with force sensors and feeding back the measurements to haptic devices at the master console. The latter, constituting the main focus of this thesis, was realized by providing an automated knot-tying procedure. This kind of automation was implemented by a novel approach for human-machine skill transfer. The methodology itself is independent from this specific set-up (robot assisted surgery), but can be employed in any scenario involving manually controllable robots. The user has to provide a high level description of the skill, which is going to be transferred to the machine. This is realized by an abstract pattern comprising significant features of the working environment (e.g. geometric restrictions, maximum forces etc.). Afterwards, the abstract pattern of a skill will be concretized by various user demonstrations. I.e. user demonstrations are matched against that pattern and decomposed into movement primitives, which are charted for relevant information about the task. These primitives will be utilized to perform the demonstrated skill in new, previously unknown environments. The major challenge in our scenario was the performance of a surgical knot at a new location, with unknown features of the suture material, and with instruments exhibiting imprecise calibration and unpredictable play. However, both research goals, incorporation of force feedback and automated knot tying, have been performed in a surgical scenario involving realistic operations on pig hearts.
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The work presented in this thesis includes the development of an experimental system for robot assisted, minimally invasive surgery. The system comprises four manipulators (three endoscopic grippers and a stereo camera) and a master console equipped with 3D stereo vision. The main purpose of this project was the evaluation of the impact of force feedback on surgical procedures and the inclusion of automated routines into the control of the system. The former was achieved by equipping the endosco...
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