Dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages play a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses. In order to detect novel genes, which play a specific role in the biology of these cells, a differential gene expression analysis between mouse bone marrow (BM) derived DC and mouse BM derived macrophages was performed. We were able to identify a set of so far unknown genes that were exclusively expressed in BM-DC. In the first part of this study, the structure, expression pattern, subcellular localisation and biological functions of one of these genes, termed A21/D2, was analysed. I could identify A21/D2 as a member of a new family of molecules with homology to the superfamily of sushi-repeat-containing proteins. The data further suggest that A21/D2 is a secreted molecule. Additionally, EGFP-reporter mice were generated using a Knock-in approach into the endogenous A21/D2 locus to explore the cellular distribution of A21/D2(EGFP) expression in mouse organs. A21/D2 reporter mice show expression of A21/D2(EGFP) in about 1-2% of GM-CSF differentiated BM-DC and in individual, non-hematopoietic (CD45 negative) cells of various organs. Most A21/D2(EGFP)-positive cells could be detected in uterus, ovary, bladder, heart and lung. Staining with the fat cell marker Nile red revealed A21/D2(EGFP)-expression in a fraction of fat cells in the thymus, gut, heart and lung. Co-localisation of A21/D2(EGFP) with a fat cell marker indicates a role for A21/D2 in fat cell biology or fatty acid metabolism. With the generation of A21/D2-deficient mice it is now possible to study the function of A21/D2 in vivo. In the second part of this study, I analysed the role of the DC and macrophage produced cytokine Interleukin (IL)-18 in the regulation of immune responses. For this purpose, the effect of IL-18-Blockade was studied in various models of murine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and a murine infection model with Listeria monocytogenes. I could show, that blocking IL-18 in IBD models leads to a reduction in the local proinflammatory cytokine levels, but not to an improvement in colitis pathology. Whereas IL-18-Blockade had no beneficial effect in IBD, blocking of IL-18 lead to significant lower Listeria titers in spleen and liver of mice upon infection with Listeria monocytogenes. However, I could not confirm the proposed effect of IL-18 on the establishment of Listeria specific T-cell response. After blocking IL-18, specific CD8+ T-cell and IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha positive Th1 T-cell frequencies were slightly reduced in the primary response against L. monocytogenes, but no differences could be observed in the recall response after reinfection with Listeria monocytogenes.
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Dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages play a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses. In order to detect novel genes, which play a specific role in the biology of these cells, a differential gene expression analysis between mouse bone marrow (BM) derived DC and mouse BM derived macrophages was performed. We were able to identify a set of so far unknown genes that were exclusively expressed in BM-DC. In the first part of this study, the structure, expression pattern, subcellular localis...
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