Appealing and economically viable electric vehicle offers are pivotal for transitioning global energy provision to renewables. In this context, fuel cell electric vehicles utilizing polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) emerge as a promising alternative to battery electric vehicles. However, commercialization of PEMFCs necessitates a reduction in production and development costs. This study aims to broaden the scope of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to accelerate fuel cell testing and reduce the associated development and production costs of PEMFCs.
A novel, cost-effective setup for spatially resolved EIS within automotive-sized PEMFCs was developed, bridging theoretical simulations with practical fuel cell applications. The results reveal correlations between high current density regions and decreased proton resistance, which we attribute to elevated water production, with relative humidity playing a moderating role. Moreover, lowering the cathodic stoichiometry accentuates mass transport issues at the air outlet, while anodic stoichiometry influences performance only below a threshold value of 1.2.
Notably, we report, for the first time, localized degradation patterns during PEMFC cold starts, attributing voltage degradation to carbon corrosion and ionomer degradation. Realistic temperature gradients during cold start cycling manifest in reduced current density and proton resistance in regions subject to the lowest temperatures.
Emerging as fast and non-destructive quality testing strategies in PEMFC production, EIS conducted at low hydrogen concentration offers valuable insights into fuel cell processes. This study introduces a novel equivalent circuit model to analyze impedance spectra under low hydrogen partial pressures. The proposed model effectively characterizes impedance responses and explains the performance decline observed at reduced hydrogen concentrations. Specifically, reduced hydrogen availability at the anode introduces reaction losses, subsequently affecting potential changes and influencing cathode processes. These findings suggest that impedance spectroscopy at low hydrogen partial pressures could be a dependable fuel cell quality control tool.
This investigation extends the understanding of EIS through spatially resolved analyses, local degradation phenomena, and the impact of reduced hydrogen concentrations. Collectively, this work showcases EIS as a cost-effective asset in development and production and its potential to advance PEMFC commercialization.
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Appealing and economically viable electric vehicle offers are pivotal for transitioning global energy provision to renewables. In this context, fuel cell electric vehicles utilizing polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) emerge as a promising alternative to battery electric vehicles. However, commercialization of PEMFCs necessitates a reduction in production and development costs. This study aims to broaden the scope of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to accelerate fuel ce...
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