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Titel:

The Power of Fat-free Mass: A Systematic Review on Fat-free Mass and Resting Metabolic Rate in Athletes across different Sports

Dokumenttyp:
Konferenzbeitrag
Art des Konferenzbeitrags:
Vortrag / Präsentation
Autor(en):
Uphoff,Isabel; Glasbrenner,Christina; Koehler,Karsten; Wasserfurth,Paulina
Abstract:
Introduction: Fat-free mass (FFM) is the greatest contributor to resting metabolic rate (RMR), explaining ~80% of the variation. Conservation of energy expenditure seems to occur at high levels of physical activity (PA). Athletes are characterized by high FFM and increased PA, questioning whether high levels of FFM are associated with energy conservation at the level of the RMR. The aim was to investigate the relationship between FFM and RMR in athletes. Methods: The review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Original, peer-reviewed research articles were identified through PubMed, including all studies published till 31st March 2022. Inclusion criteria encompassed measurements of RMR by indirect calorimetry and FFM by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), air displacement plethysmography (ADP), hydrostatic weighing, and skinfold measurements in 18 to 35-year-old male and female athletes, which were defined as tier one (recreationally active) to tier five (world class) in accordance with the "Participant Classification Framework" by McKay et al. 2022. Main study outcomes were RMR, FFM and FFM-Index (FFMI). Linear, quadratic, and piecewise regression models were calculated to compare the relationship between RMR, FFM and FFMI. Results:Of 1339 identified articles, 84 were included, providing data from 2205 athletes. RMR and FFM showed a linear relationship in the population of all athletes (slope = 23.3 kcal/kg, intercept = 361.9 kcal/day, p < 0.001*), with 75% of RMR variance explained by FFM. The relationship between RMR and FFMI was best modeled by a piecewise linear regression, showing a break point at 21.7 kg/m2, after which the slope decreased from 127.5 kcal/day per kg/m2 to - 6.5 kcal/day per kg/m2. Conclusion: Independent of the amount of FFM, the relationship with RMR remains linear even in athletes characterized by large amounts of FFM. However, it appears that RMR is attenuated in athletes with very high FFMI, most likely due to different proportion of metabolically active tissues that constitute the FFM.
Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation:
570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie; 610 Medizin und Gesundheit; 790 Sport, Spiele, Unterhaltung
Kongress- / Buchtitel:
Optimizing Training in Sports, Exercise and Health
Kongress / Zusatzinformationen:
Jahrestagung dvs-Sektion Trainingswissenschaft
Ausrichter der Konferenz:
Deutsche Vereinigung für Sportwissenschaft, Sektion Trainingswissenschaft
Jahr:
2023
Sprache:
en
Semester:
WS 23-24
TUM Einrichtung:
Professur für Bewegung, Ernährung und Gesundheit
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