No single muscle model exists that has the same mechanical impedance and force development properties as biological muscle. It is essential to develop a muscle model with the same force limitations and impedance as biological muscle, especially for predictive simulations, as these properties are taken into account when choosing a posture for a specific task. We propose a mechanics-based muscle model that has the same impedance and force development properties as biological muscle by making a small topology change that turns titin, an enormous viscoelastic protein, from acting in parallel to the cross-bridges to acting in series with the cross-bridges.     «

No single muscle model exists that has the same mechanical impedance and force development properties as biological muscle. It is essential to develop a muscle model with the same force limitations and impedance as biological muscle, especially for predictive simulations, as these properties are taken into account when choosing a posture for a specific task. We propose a mechanics-based muscle model that has the same impedance and force development properties as biological muscle by making a sma...     »