Microchips that operate with light instead of electronics have become a vision that
has been a key driver of semiconductor and nano research during the past years. The
consequent drive to replace electronic components by photonic devices has reached
a level where today’s communication and computation speed limit, as well as their
energy consumption appears antiqued. The data capacity of fiber technology has
evolved even faster than the downscaling of microchips and provides huge potential
especially for short haul and chip-level interconnects in the near future. In contrast,
the increasingly problematic of heat dissipation in electronic microchips and rising
costs per bit make it very difficult to enhance speed and computing power simply by
following constant field scaling. However, the inefficiency of silicon light sources and
the incompatibility of the majority of optically active gain materials for the far advanced
silicon technology has hindered the integration of efficient light sources on microchips.
Offering a solution to this challenge, semiconductor nanowires can be monolithically
integrated directly on silicon whilst maintaining the exceptional optical properties of
crystalline direct bandgap semiconductors. Furthermore, the optical cavity formed
by the unique nanowire geometry, in combination with the nanowire gain material
constitutes all the required components for a nano-scale laser. Integrated on silicon, such
coherent on-chip light sources could represent a major step towards the realization of
chip-level optical interconnects or even photonic computers that, in the next decade,
might not only remain a vision.
However, the deleterious impact of non-radiative surface recombinations on the optical
properties of III-V semiconductors has inhibited the demonstration of nanowire lasers
that operate in the technologically important near infrared spectral range. Furthermore,
in previous studies, nanowires typically had to be removed from their growth substrate
to enable lasing, negating the huge technological advantage of monolithic integration
and rendering their integration impractical. Besides their strong potential for future
applications, nanowire lasers constitute a unique system that provide entirely new
insights into fundamental gain dynamics at the ultimate downscaling limit of photonic
lasers. Although, lasing operation of nanowires has been demonstrated from a broad
range of material systems, coherent light-matter interactions within nanowire lasers
have not received significant attraction.
This thesis demonstrates how GaAs based nanowires are carefully designed to achieve
lasing operation in the near infrared spectral range. The presented results demonstrate
the first observation of room temperature lasing from GaAs nanowire lasers subject to
pulsed optical excitation. Experiments using continuous optical pumping demonstrate
continuous wave operation and show spectral linewidths below 200meV. Investigations
of the gain and photon dynamics of the nanowire lasers reveal a novel mechanism
that allows long-term mutual phase locking of picosecond pulse pairs and potential
operation at modulation frequencies >200GHz. Finally, a novel nanowire laser geometry that allows the monolithic integration of nanowire lasers onto silicon microchips is
introduced, successfully demonstrated in experiments and has been submitted as patent
application.
The exceptional properties of GaAs nanowire lasers combined with their unique ability
for monolithic integration onto silicon provide nanowire lasers with the potential to
impact a broad range of integrated optoelectronic technologies and could be a step along
the road toward the vision of photonic microchips.
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Microchips that operate with light instead of electronics have become a vision that
has been a key driver of semiconductor and nano research during the past years. The
consequent drive to replace electronic components by photonic devices has reached
a level where today’s communication and computation speed limit, as well as their
energy consumption appears antiqued. The data capacity of fiber technology has
evolved even faster than the downscaling of microchips and provides huge potential...
»