Translated abstract:
In terms of both, society and the individual, the educational mandate of schools is not limited to impart content knowledge and cognitive skills. Although these form an important basis for dealing confidently and responsibly with today's challenges, they alone are not enough. General and subject-related positive attitudes towards learning complement content knowledge and cognitive skills and are important prerequisites for lifelong learning and an active participation in society (cf. Fend, 2008; Prenzel, 2012; Schiepe-Tiska & Schmidtner, 2013). The development of interests, values and a positive perception of one's own skills influence career decisions, educational attainment, and labor market success as well as the willingness to engage in new situations and to learn throughout one's life. In education policy and research, the view that school pursues several goals is increasingly becoming the focus of attention again (Blossfeld et al., 2015; Danner, Lechner & Spengler, 2019). Already in the 1980s, Treiber and Weinert (1982) emphasized that the question of achieving multiple goals is one of the most exciting question theoretically but at the same time one of high practical relevance. Accordingly, the demand for the consideration of different educational goals was regularly repeated in empirical studies (e.g. Baumert, 1997, Möller, 2016). Even though a change is slowly emerging, Möller (2016) concludes that current studies still rarely address the achievement of multiple goals. The present publication-based habilitation draws on these considerations. Using the example of the Programme for International Student Assessments (PISA), it focuses on the implementation and assessment of multidimensional educational goals in international large-scale assessments. For Germany, these goals are examined and compared internationally with other educational systems. Furthermore, the relations with effects of the context such as the institution or class composition as well as quality characteristics of teaching - as central conditions for achieving multidimensional educational goals - are examined. The focus of the analyses is on mathematics and science. Both subjects are important for the active and independent participation in today's culture shaped by globalization, technological change and digitalization. In addition, careers in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) offer good job opportunities for the future and it is important to interest capable young people in these areas (cf. Schiepe-Tiska, Simm & Schmidtner, 2016). The habilitation combines educational science perspectives and educational psychology perspectives of research on teaching and learning. On the one hand, normatively influenced frameworks of international comparative studies such as PISA are discussed, that are important for the selection and operationalization of multidimensional goals in large-scale assessments. On the other hand, a more educational psychology perspective is adopted when high-quality teaching processes are examined with regard to different educational learning goals. By focusing on mathematics and science, the respective didactic perspective is also taken into account.