The present work investigated the influence of particle collision on optics during close range proximity operations of spacecraft. The purpose of the study was to examine the general impact of damaged optics on stereo vision between two spacecraft and to possibly link incidence angle and resulting reduction in transmission with the quality of the depth perception. Therefore, an experimental study with impacted optical samples was conducted. The samples were provided by Mr. Christian Bühler, who investigated impacts with lunar simulant. A representative environment was provided by the Robotic Actuation and On-Orbit Navigation Laboratory (RACOON-Lab) of the chair of astronautics at the Technical University of Munich. The laboratory simulates proximity operations with a rotatable target satellite mockup and a movable chaser sensor platform. The study used the ZED stereo vision camera, mounted to the chaser. Damaged and intact optical samples were placed in front of the camera lenses. A specially designed mount ensured proper placement. The camera settings, such as exposure, were kept constant, to ensure comparability. The quality of the resulting depth images was assessed by means of accuracy, precision and density of the depth maps. The trials with different damaged samples were all compared to a common reference measurement. The accuracy was defined as the deviation between impacted and reference measurement. Furthermore, a dimensionless relative accuracy, setting the accuracy in relation to the reference precision was introduced.
It could be shown that the damaged optics had the expected negative effect on depth perception. The relative accuracy was found to be in between 3.5 and 6. However, the relative accuracy for control measurements with intact samples at the end of the experiments produced values ranging from 1.5 to 3. This distinct error of measurement prevented the correlation between the impact angle and the depth accuracy. The experiments produced comparable results for the two investigated materials, silica glass and Makrolon®. However, the Makrolon® samples showed secondary damages. Measuring these secondary damages resulted in relative accuracies of up to 12, which represent twice the value of the primary defects.
The significance of the experiments was impaired by the impact velocities, which with a value of 360 m/s are far below the expected ones. Furthermore, the samples were impacted with multiple particles instead of single ones. Future experiments should, therefore, focus minimizing the error of measurement and and using representative samples.
«
The present work investigated the influence of particle collision on optics during close range proximity operations of spacecraft. The purpose of the study was to examine the general impact of damaged optics on stereo vision between two spacecraft and to possibly link incidence angle and resulting reduction in transmission with the quality of the depth perception. Therefore, an experimental study with impacted optical samples was conducted. The samples were provided by Mr. Christian Bühler, who...
»