Calcium sensing and the control of calcium-related pathways play important roles in the control of cellular processes. This work investigated the folding/unfolding properties of calmodulin, a key calcium sensor protein. Using optical tweezers, single calmodulin molecules were repeatedly mechanically unfolded and information about their unfolding and refolding behavior obtained. With this setup, single molecules could be investigated on time scales spanning several orders of magnitude. It could be shown that calmodulin folds, at high calcium concentrations, in a complex network of intermediates. At low calcium, the behavior could be explained using a model for the folding in the presence of ligands. Further, this work presents statistical methods that can be used to obtain detailed information about the folding of complex systems from one-dimensional force-time trajectories.
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Calcium sensing and the control of calcium-related pathways play important roles in the control of cellular processes. This work investigated the folding/unfolding properties of calmodulin, a key calcium sensor protein. Using optical tweezers, single calmodulin molecules were repeatedly mechanically unfolded and information about their unfolding and refolding behavior obtained. With this setup, single molecules could be investigated on time scales spanning several orders of magnitude. It could b...
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