Tripeptidylpeptidase II (TPP II) exists as a spindle-shaped, 6 MDa homo-oligomeric complex composed of two segmented strands. The segments of each strand contain two monomers in a head-to-head orientation. TPP II is an amino peptidase of the subtilisin type, which is fully active only in its fully assembled state. The enzyme cleaves proteasome-generated peptides and is considered a key component of the proteolytic cascade in eukaryotes. Presently, understanding the function of TPP II on the molecular level awaits determination of a high-resolution structure.
In the present study, the recombinant expression of Drosophila TPP II in Escherichia coli was established. In E. coli, TPP II assembled autonomously into the fully active spindles, a quaternary structure that apparently confers stability to the enzyme. By MBP-tagging, the N-terminal region of TPP II monomers was shown to be essential for holocomplex formation.
The concatameric architecture of TPP II leads to a plethora of size variants in vitro, depending on the enzyme concentration. This inherent heterogeneity has probably been the major obstacle hampering both, accurate biochemical characterization and the crystallization of the enzyme since its discovery more than two decades ago. In the present work, a novel, highly efficient purification method was developed, and a systematic approach was used to generate homogeneous and stable fragments of the complex. Mutational approaches generally led to the formation of soluble aggregates, whereas physical disassembly methods resulted in reversible disassembly of the complex. TPP II disassembled irreversibly only when chemically modified. In the presence of the non-ionic detergent β-octyl glucoside, the complexes were dissected into stable tetramers and preliminary crystals of TPP II were obtained.
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Tripeptidylpeptidase II (TPP II) exists as a spindle-shaped, 6 MDa homo-oligomeric complex composed of two segmented strands. The segments of each strand contain two monomers in a head-to-head orientation. TPP II is an amino peptidase of the subtilisin type, which is fully active only in its fully assembled state. The enzyme cleaves proteasome-generated peptides and is considered a key component of the proteolytic cascade in eukaryotes. Presently, understanding the function of TPP II on the mole...
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