Negatively stained SecA proteins from Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were visualised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and image processing. The 3D-model of soluble SecA from E. coli shows a open, globular molecule (diameter about 11 nm), whereas SecA from B. subtilis (diameter about 9 nm) is smaller and more compact. The SecA model from B. subtilis obtained by TEM and single particle analysis shows remarkable correspondence to the model derived from x-ray crystallography. In the presence of ADP, SecA from E. coli exhibits a comparable compact shape, whereas addition of ATP and AMP-PNP, respectively results in a more open conformation. These findings coincide with spectroscopic measurements from published results. Experiments for 2D-crystalisation of soluble SecA from E. coli respectively B. subtilis underneath suitable lipid monolayers were monitored with surface pressure measurements and brewster angle microscopy (BAM). SecA from B. subtilis formed densely packed structures, however, using TEM no 2D-crystaline areas could be visualised. Negative stain in combination with TEM and image processing was used to solve the phase problem of x-ray data from enoate reductase from Clostridium tyrobutyricum. This method is a example for the useful interaction between TEM and x-ray crystallography for structure determination of large, oligomeric protein complexes, which was demonstrated only in a few cases so far. Conformational changes of the E. coli GroE-chaperon system, which consists of several units of GroEL and GroES, induced by binding of the denaturated substrate protein citrat synthase were investigated by TEM. The 3D-model of GroE, derived from image processing of negatively stained single particles is in a good agreement with the 3D-model derived from x-ray crystallography, and suggests binding of citrat synthase in the aquatorial domain of the free GroEL ring.
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Negatively stained SecA proteins from Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were visualised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and image processing. The 3D-model of soluble SecA from E. coli shows a open, globular molecule (diameter about 11 nm), whereas SecA from B. subtilis (diameter about 9 nm) is smaller and more compact. The SecA model from B. subtilis obtained by TEM and single particle analysis shows remarkable correspondence to the model derived from x-ray crystallography. In the...
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