The aim of this work was to develop a rapid radiochemical method for the determination of pure alpha and beta emitting radionuclides in environmental and food samples. Particular focus was placed on the time factor, the number of nuclides analyzed with one aliquot and, secondly, the applicability of the method to a variety of matrices.
First a rapid method was deveoped to determine plutonium isotopes and radiostrontium in food samples. In this first step of development the focus was particulary on sample preparation, as well as on chromatographic separation of the radio nuclides. To prepare the food samples quick and effectiv an acidic mircrowave digestion was selected. In addition, various combinations of chromatographic columns and running media were investigated. The chromatographic separation was significantly accelerated by the use of a vacuum box and corresponding cartidges. In ordert o cover a wide range of matrices, a broad variety of food samples, like salad, grapes and full cream milk, were analyzed. In addition, care was taken to include food samples that are of importance in the event of a fallout. On the other hand, food samples that are important in the context of nuclear-specific emergency response were also included.
At the next stage of development the method was expanded to include more alpha emitting radio nuclides. At first Thorium as well as Americium was intergrated in the method. Thorium was integrated into the method not so much because of its importance in an event case, but because thorium was found as a daughter nuclide in the tracers used, leading to interference in the alpha spectra. Last uranium was incorporated in the method. This was done through a modification of the elution steps oft he other alpha-emitting nuclides. Furthermore, additional matrices were also established as part of the expansion of the method.
Finally the developed method was subjected to a validation. For this purpose two different reference materials from the International Atomic Energy Agence (IAEA) were investigated. A moss soil and a baltic seaweed. These two materials contained plutonium, americium, thorium and uranium isotopes, as well as radiostrontium, making them suitable from this point of view for the validation of a rapid radiochemical method for the determination of pure alpha and beta radionuclides. Within the scope of the validation, the robustness of the method, the sensitivity and the reproducibility of the method, among other things, were investigated.
The validation showed, that plutonium and thorium isotopes can be reliably detected with the developed method, if the activity of the nuclides is greater than 5 Bq kg-1 for salid samples. It should be noted that in a radiological incident the activity of the nuclides is usually exceeds this value many times. Furthermore the analysis oft he validation showed the limitations of the developed method. On one hand uranium could not be dissolved from the matrix to a satisfactory degree by the sample preparation. On the other hand overestimation of the activity of 90Sr at an unfavorable ratio to 89Sr (>10:1, 89Sr : 90Sr) presents another challenge.
In summary, it can be stated, that a rapid radiochemical method was succesfully developed to determine pure alpha and beta emitting radionuclides in food and environemtal samples within one to three days.
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The aim of this work was to develop a rapid radiochemical method for the determination of pure alpha and beta emitting radionuclides in environmental and food samples. Particular focus was placed on the time factor, the number of nuclides analyzed with one aliquot and, secondly, the applicability of the method to a variety of matrices.
First a rapid method was deveoped to determine plutonium isotopes and radiostrontium in food samples. In this first step of development the focus was particula...
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