In this thesis several reconfigurable nano devices, capable of conformational changes will be presented. The DNA origami technique was employed to fabricate the components. Two extensively studied systems, a switchable hydrophobic envelope and interlocked rotaxane constructs will be discussed in detail. DNA constructs were analyzed by atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, optical super-resolution DNA PAINT imaging and gel electrophoresis. The kinetics of switching processes between different conformations were observed by FRET based fluorescence spectrometer measurements. The hydrophobic envelope structure was based on a rectangular DNA sheet carrying hydrophobic cholesterol moieties on one side. Due to the hydrophobic attraction of the cholesterol moieties, the DNA sheet folded on themselves to form a double layered envelope. The closing of the envelopes could be reversed by the addition of a surfactant. The constructs could readily attach to lipid bilayers and open upon binding. The folding behavior was analyzed for different design variants of the construct. While previously presented DNA assemblies and machines were mostly based on base pairing and stacking interactions, these constructs involve additional hydrophobic interactions. The use of hydrophobic interactions extends the repertoire of design and actuation strategies for DNA nano structures. A modular multicomponent system of several different DNA origami subunits was developed for the assembly of rotaxane and pseudorotaxane constructs of various sizes. These interlocked constructs represent the largest bottom up assembled DNA rotaxane structures. Furthermore the rigid origami subunits allow the formation of geometrically well defined objects, in contrast to may previously presented interlocked DNA assemblies. The rings threaded onto axle components were switched reversibly between an immobile, attached state and a mobile state. In the mobile state, the rings are not connected to the axle by any chemical bond but confined solely by steric hindrance of stopper elements. External actuation of single rings by the tip of an atomic force microscope was demonstrated. Interlocked molecules represent the nano scale analog to macroscopic machines like bearings, representing fundamental macroscopic machine elements in engineering. While connecting components permanently, interlocked connection still allow confined motion. In analogy to macroscopic mechanical devices, such components might be also employed for constructing artificial nano scale machinery. A simpler, quickly assembled model system for mechanical nanoscale DNA machinery was introduced, a tethered arm mounted on an addressable origami platform. The dynamic behavior of the rotating arm can be easily tracked by fluorescence microscopy allowing precise analysis of the arm motion. Additionally a tubular model structure for confinement of components for enzymatic reactions and delivery to cells is presented. Furthermore a small DNA origami pore prototype was created from a short 1000 nucleotide scaffold. We also investigated surface assisted lattice formation of DNA origami tiles. The tiles were attached to supported lipid bilayers, still allowing the diffusion within two dimensions. These assemblies were characterized by atomic force microscopy. We furthermore established a technique for faster and more efficient labeling of DNA constructs with nanoparticles based on a solid phase synthesis process.
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In this thesis several reconfigurable nano devices, capable of conformational changes will be presented. The DNA origami technique was employed to fabricate the components. Two extensively studied systems, a switchable hydrophobic envelope and interlocked rotaxane constructs will be discussed in detail. DNA constructs were analyzed by atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, optical super-resolution DNA PAINT imaging and gel electrophoresis. The kinetics of switching processes...
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