Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques extract the ultimate power from the photovoltaic (PV) source. Therefore, it is a fundamental control algorithm in any PV configuration. The research in this area is rich and many MPPT methods have been presented in the literature. However, in the current study, we focus on the PV model-based MPPT algorithms. In this regard, the classification of this category can be mainly divided into curve fitting methods and techniques based on the mathematical model or characteristics of the PV source. The objective of the PV model-based MPPT algorithm is to allocate the position of the maximum power point (MPP). Thus, no searching efforts are required to capture that point, which makes it simple and easy to implement. Consequently, the aim of this study is to give an overview of the most commonly utilized model-based MPPT methods. Furthermore, discussion and suggestions are also addressed to highlight the gap in this area. The main methods from the literature are compared together. The comparison and evaluation are validated using an experimental hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system, where high efficiency (more than 99%) can be obtained with a simple calculation procedure and fast convergence speed.     «

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques extract the ultimate power from the photovoltaic (PV) source. Therefore, it is a fundamental control algorithm in any PV configuration. The research in this area is rich and many MPPT methods have been presented in the literature. However, in the current study, we focus on the PV model-based MPPT algorithms. In this regard, the classification of this category can be mainly divided into curve fitting methods and techniques based on the mathematical m...     »