Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. In this trial we showed a one-year success rates of 60% to restore sinus rhythm after concomitant cryothermal Cox-Maze procedure. It is a safe procedure with high rates (19.5%) of postoperative pacemaker implantation. Patients with preoperative paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were more likely to achieve sinus rhythm after Cox-Maze procedure. Certain risk factors can limit the effect of cyrothermal Cox-Maze procedure. Patients with known risk factors should be precisely evaluated preoperative.
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