Previous late-stage randomized controlled trials (RCTs) failed to identify effective medications for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), i.e., social-communication difficulties and repetitive behaviors, and as a consequence, there is still no approved medication. Thus, I conducted a systematic review of 203 RCTs with 12111 participants in order to inform evidence-based pharmacotherapy and drug development in ASD.
The thesis consists of three parts:
First, I conducted a network meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological and dietary-supplement treatments. Some medications, e.g., the antipsychotics aripiprazole and risperidone, might be effective for the core symptoms and/or co-occurring difficulties (e.g., irritability), albeit associated with adverse events. Nevertheless, the evidence was generally preliminary and with low certainty. Therefore, routine prescription of medications for the core symptoms cannot be recommended and further investigation is warranted.
Second, I conducted a meta-analysis of placebo-effects. The magnitude of placebo-effects was considerable and predictors of higher placebo-effects were identified, e.g., caregiver-ratings and larger trials. However, there were limited and scattered data for participant-level factors, e.g., age, sex, and baseline severity of symptoms.
Third, I validated an imputation method to estimate the number of responders from continuous data of the Clinical Global Impression Improvement (CGI-I) scale. This method could facilitate the comparability and combination of findings across RCTs in ASD. However, sensitivity analyses are necessary given the relatively wide limits of agreement between imputed and original values.
The findings and future implications of my thesis would hopefully facilitate a better support and care for individuals with ASD and their families.
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Previous late-stage randomized controlled trials (RCTs) failed to identify effective medications for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), i.e., social-communication difficulties and repetitive behaviors, and as a consequence, there is still no approved medication. Thus, I conducted a systematic review of 203 RCTs with 12111 participants in order to inform evidence-based pharmacotherapy and drug development in ASD.
The thesis consists of three parts:
First, I conducted a networ...
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