Septic shock is a systemic host response to an infection characterized by a systemic hypotension due to dramatic increase in vascular permeability resulting from capillary disintegration. Endothelial cells and pericytes are key regulators of the endothelial barrier and it has been reported by us and others that during sepsis a significant reduction in capillary density is observed. This leads to compromised barrier function and increased capillary leakage. Septic patients exhibit low Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels that correlate with low survival rates. So, S1P emerged as bioactive lipid mediator that signals through endothelial S1P receptors to retain capillary density and LPS induced hyperpermeability. In this work, we investigate the potential of S1P during LPS induced sepsis on hemodynamic function, capillary density, endothelial barrier and survival. We show that treating septic mice with S1P results in improved permeability due to pericyte retention in the perivascular niche and promote adhesion protein trafficking such as VE-Cadherin and N-Cadherin. As a result, S1P treatment improves systemic blood pressure and survival. Furthermore, we investigated S1P treatment in cell culture model of sepsis to elucidate the signaling cascade involved. There we show that S1P preserves adhesion proteins such as VE-Cadherin and N-Cadherin that is mediated by a reduction in Src and VE-Cadherin phosphorylation. Besides, exogenous administration of S1P leads to a reduction in the cytosolic pool of G-actin promoting the nuclear translocation of MRTF-A that regulates genes implicated in pericyte retention. Finally, our findings indicate that S1P retains pericyte in the microcirculation and preserves the microvascular unit during LPS induced systemic inflammation, results indicative of the potential therapeutic role of S1P to override microvascular disintegration during sepsis.
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