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Title:

Vitamin D Deficiency, Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author(s):
Etgen, Thorleif; Sander, Dirk; Bickel, Horst; Sander, Kerstin; Förstl, Hans
Abstract:
Background: Recent preventive strategies for patients with cognitive impairment include the identification of modifiable somatic risk factors like vitamin D deficiency. Methods: A systematic literature research and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the association of cognitive impairment and vitamin D deficiency. Results: Data from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies suggest an association between cognitive impairment and vitamin D deficiency. Meta-analysis of 5 cross-sectional and 2 longitudinal studies comprising 7,688 participants showed an increased risk of cognitive impairment in those with low vitamin D compared with normal vitamin D (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.91–3.00; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Methodological limitations of these studies comprise heterogeneity of study populations, different forms of cognitive assessment, the problem of reverse causality, different definitions of vitamin D deficiency and inconsistent control for confounders. As the value of vitamin D substitution in cognitive impairment remains doubtful, a long-time major placebo-controlled randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation in participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) should be started.
Keywords:
Cognitive impairment; Dementia; Vitamin D; Etiology; Preventi on
Journal title:
Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders
Year:
2012
Journal volume:
33
Journal issue:
5
Pages contribution:
297--305
Fulltext / DOI:
doi:10.1159/000339702
Publisher:
S. Karger AG
Publisher address:
Basel, Switzerland
Print-ISSN:
1421-9824
E-ISSN:
1421-9824
Notes:
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
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