Changes in cellular regulation play an important role in the development of cancer. They can lead to abnormal behaviour of cancer cells in terms of cell-cell-adhesion and to escape from apoptosis. In particular, the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin and the apoptosis regulating tumor suppressor p53 play important roles in the development and progression of diffuse type gastric carcinoma. Mutations in the E-cadherin gene can influence cell adhesion, motility, and survival. This thesis includes a mutation analysis of the p53 gene. Furthermore, expression and localization of E-cadherin, p53, the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and the Ki-67 proliferation marker were investigated. The general aim of the investigation was to determine the influence of tumor-associated E-cadherin mutations on survival of diffuse gastric cancer cells. In the first part of the thesis expression and localization of E-cadherin, p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, a possible correlation between the occurance of mutations of the p53 gene or the E-cadherin gene in gastric cancer was studied. Genomic DNA from 8 gastric cancer specimens without and from 16 tumors with somatic E-cadherin mutations were isolated from tumor sections and analyzed by denaturing high pressure liquid chromatography (DHPLC) followed by direct sequencing. As a result, one p53 mutation in tumors without E-cadherin mutation and one p53 mutation in tumors with E-cadherin mutation were found. The 24 gastric carcinoma tissue sections were immunohistochemically stained to analyze nuclear accumulation of p53, expression of Bcl-2 and Ki-67, and the subcellular localization of E-cadherin. The immunohistochemical staining revealed p53 accumulation in 5 of 8 tumors without E-cadherin mutation and in 3 of 16 tumors with E-cadherin mutation. Bcl-2 staining was observed primarily in tumours without E-cadherin mutation and Ki-67 staining showed no correlation between positively stained tumors and the E-cadherin mutation status. Taken together, the results of the tumor-specific part of the thesis show that accumulation of p53 is significantly altered by the E-cadherin mutation status but there is no correlation between the p53 mutation status, the E-cadherin mutation status, and expression of Ki-67. E-cadherin and p53 mutations play important roles in apoptosis and proliferation of tumor cells. However, a variety of additional genetic and epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the development of cancer which have not been analyzed in this study. In the second part of this thesis the proliferation rate of stably transfected E-cadherin expressing MDA-MB-435S cells was investigated. Transfectants expressing wild-type E-cadherin were compared with cells expressing mutant E-cadherin variants with in frame deletions of exons 8 or 9 or a point mutation in exon 8, respectively. As a control, the corresponding no-ntransfected, E-cadherin-negative parental cell line was used. The growth behaviour of the cells after application of chemotherapeutic agents (5FU, cisplatin and etoposide) was analyzed. The results of the investigation of the second part of this thesis indicate that the growth rate of cells transfected with wild-type E-cadherin is reduced compared to the corresponding non-transfected cell line. Moreover, mutations of exons 8 or 9 inhibit the growth-suppressive function of E-cadherin. In particular, wild-type and mutant E-cadherin-expressing cells exposed to cisplatin show reduced chemosensitivity compared with the corresponding non-transfected E-cadherin-negative parental cells. In contrast, all tested cell lines reveal a similar chemosensitivity to 5-FU and etoposide. In conclusion, the results indicate that expression and/or mutation of E-cadherin influence both the proliferation rate and the chemosensitivity of tumor cells.
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Changes in cellular regulation play an important role in the development of cancer. They can lead to abnormal behaviour of cancer cells in terms of cell-cell-adhesion and to escape from apoptosis. In particular, the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin and the apoptosis regulating tumor suppressor p53 play important roles in the development and progression of diffuse type gastric carcinoma. Mutations in the E-cadherin gene can influence cell adhesion, motility, and survival. This thesis includes a...
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