Assessment of entropy accumulation in human subjects when exposed to low energy availability

Yildiz, Cennet; Köhler, Karsten; Wasserfurth, Paulina; Özilgen, Mustafa

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36792

Title:: Assessment of entropy accumulation in human subjects when exposed to low energy availability
Document type:: Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Author(s):: Yildiz, Cennet; Köhler, Karsten; Wasserfurth, Paulina; Özilgen, Mustafa
Abstract:: Background & Aims Adequate energy availability is essential for the body to maintain its physiological functions and achieve optimal health, especially among athletes. Unfortunately, low energy availability (LEA) is common among athletes, and it has been associated with impairments in health and performance. In contrast, an energy-restricted diet has been linked to longevity, but it is unclear how LEA affects athletes’ lifespans. The goal of the present study was to assess the impact of LEA thermodynamically on the lifespan of athletes. Methods Data from seven healthy young endurance-trained athletes (24 ± 4 years) who underwent short-term low energy availability (125 (kJ/day) per kg FFM) once with low protein content (LEA-LP; 0.8 g/kg) and with high protein content (LEA-HP; 125 (kJ/day) per kg FFM, 1.7 g/kg), as well as a control diet (CON; 230 (kJ/day) per kg FFM, 1.7 g/kg), were used in the calculations. The athletes followed each diet for five days and expended 67.5 (kJ/day) per kg FFM. entropy generation-based thermodynamic calculations were performed based on the metabolic activity of the athletes, which was determined from oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production rates. Results Low energy availability was successfully induced during LEA-LP (62 ± 8 (kJ/day) per kg FFM; 95%Cl: 53-70) and LEA-HP (64 ± 8 (kJ/day) per kg FFM; 95%Cl: 56-71) diets. Despite of achieving energy deficit of -6658 ± 2110 kJ/day (95%Cl: -8609-(-) 4707) (LEA-LP), -5781 ± 623 (95%Cl: -26591-(-)4707) (LEA-HP) and excessive energy of 772 ± 1915 (95%Cl: -845-2388) (CON) statistical analyses revealed no significant differences in lifespan estimations among diets (CON: 72 ± 8 years (95%Cl: 65-79), LEA-LP: 74 ± 7 years (95%Cl: 68-80), and LEA-HP: 73 ± 11 (95%Cl: 62-83)). Conclusions This study suggests valuable insights into the intricate relationship between energy availability, entropy generation, and lifespan among athletes. Whereas entropy generation levels and the lifespan of athletes remained stable depending on diets, the distinguished differences in energy deficiency and energy availability underline the need for a profounder investigation of underlying physiological mechanisms to improve the health and performance of athletes.
Keywords:: energy availability energy deficiency entropy generation lifespan estimation
Dewey Decimal Classification:: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie; 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Journal title:: Heliyon
Year:: 2024
Pages contribution:: e36792
Covered by:: Scopus
Reviewed:: ja
Language:: en
Fulltext / DOI:: doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36792
Publisher:: Elsevier BV
E-ISSN:: 2405-8440
Impact Factor:: 3,9
Scimago Quartil:: Q1
Status:: Verlagsversion / published
Date of publication:: 01.08.2024
Semester:: SS 24
TUM Institution:: Professur für Bewegung, Ernährung und Gesundheit
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