Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli is an emerging food pathogen in industrial countries. Their natural reservoir is the colon of ruminants, especially cows. In humans, EHEC can lead to life-threatening diseases like haemolytic-uremic syndrome. Most victims are small children. The mechanisms of human infection of EHEC are well known, but it remains unclear how the bacteria are spread in the environment, traveling from one host to another.
In this work, a total number of 65 promoter regions of genes of EHEC O157:H7 have been investigated concerning their possible activation in contact with different alternative host or vector organisms. Among these 65 genes were the genes encoded on the locus of enterocyte effacement, a pathogenicity island that EHEC have in common with EPEC.
As possible interaction partners, the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the waterborne protozoa Acanthamoeba castellanii and the thale cress Arabidopsis thaliana were chosen.
Promoter regions were defined the 100bp upstream regions for the LEE-encoded genes and 500bp upstream regions for all other tested genes. Promoter-luxCDABE fusions were generated on a plasmid and transformed into EHEC cells. The transformed EHEC were brought in contact with the chosen organisms in 96-well plates and emitted luminescence was monitored using a Victor3 multilabel counter.
The results of this study indicate that an interaction similar to that occurring in human infection could take place in the C. elegans model.
In contact with the amoeba A. castellanii only little activation of promoter regions was observed. However, the interaction increases with dead A. castellanii, indicating that, in this interaction process, the enterohaemorrhagic E. coli are effectively rejected by living amoebae.
The most interesting outcome this work is the ability of EHEC to cause a virulence-associated phenotype in the only plant submitted to the assays, A. thaliana. In addition to that, the luminescence emitted by transgenic EHEC was highest in contact with this test organism, and most of the tested promoter regions were activated.
From these findings I conclude that the type of interaction between EHEC and C. elegans is similar to that taking place in mammalian hosts, making C. elegans a suitable model organism which might serve as a vector for EHEC in the environment. The amoeba A. castellanii does not seem to play an important role in the spreading of EHEC. Contact with the thale cress A. thaliana leads to a strong genetic response in EHEC, involving several virulence factors. In addition to that, EHEC cause a phenotype in infected A. thaliana plants. The activation of genes is even stronger than with mammals. This indicates that A. thaliana is a new host organism for EHEC.
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Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli is an emerging food pathogen in industrial countries. Their natural reservoir is the colon of ruminants, especially cows. In humans, EHEC can lead to life-threatening diseases like haemolytic-uremic syndrome. Most victims are small children. The mechanisms of human infection of EHEC are well known, but it remains unclear how the bacteria are spread in the environment, traveling from one host to another.
In this work, a total number of 65 promoter regions of g...
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