Neuroimaging studies have led to a better characterization of the neuropsychopathology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). These findings mainly demonstrate disturbances in fronto-striatal circuits as well as impairments in large-scale networks, encompassing fronto-parietal-limbic areas, defined by functionally connected brain regions, reflecting spontaneous brain activity. Nevertheless, there is inconsistency in the reported results. For instance, while some studies point towards increased connectivity between such large-scale networks, others report decreased connectivity. Furthermore, most of these studies employed hypothesis-driven approaches, basing their assumptions on models derived from neurobiological (i.e., animal, lesion) studies and reports from positron emission tomography (PET) studies. Findings from data-driven approaches are scarce, and it is poorly understood whether the findings of the two approaches converge. To tackle these issues, we conducted two studies that represent the core of this thesis.
First, to overcome inconsistencies and to find a consistent and pathologically relevant pattern of connectivity alterations in OCD, we performed a coordinate-based meta-analysis of 18 whole-brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies comparing OCD patients and healthy controls (total sample of 541 patients, 572 healthy controls). The meta-analysis resulted in (1) consistent hypoconnectivity within frontoparietal and salience network, and between salience, frontoparietal and default-mode network, and (2) consistent general dysconnectivity (no specific direction of connectivity change) within default-mode and frontoparietal network, as well as between frontoparietal and default-mode, salience network, limbic network, but also with the striatum and thalamus.
Second, we conducted a resting-state fMRI study in a sample of OCD patients and healthy controls and employed independent component and sliding time window analysis to investigate functional connectivity changes in a data-driven way. We found that (1) the frontoparietal network showed within-network connectivity alterations, mainly between the left and right parts, and (2) dynamic connectivity changes between the left and the right frontoparietal network and between the frontoparietal network and the salience network.
Taken together, these results provided evidence for both connectivity alterations between frontoparietal, salience, and default-mode network, reflecting the so-called triple network model of psychopathology in OCD, and alterations in fronto-striatal circuitry. Furthermore, they provide evidence that independent of methodological approaches, findings converge on the frontoparietal network as the main locus of alterations in OCD, underlining the importance of these regions for the pathophysiology of the disorder.
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Neuroimaging studies have led to a better characterization of the neuropsychopathology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). These findings mainly demonstrate disturbances in fronto-striatal circuits as well as impairments in large-scale networks, encompassing fronto-parietal-limbic areas, defined by functionally connected brain regions, reflecting spontaneous brain activity. Nevertheless, there is inconsistency in the reported results. For instance, while some studies point towards increased...
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