Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall and the underlying cause of cardiovascular complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). Despite advances in treatment strategies, current clinic otucomes remain poor in patients with PAOD. PAOD is the leading cause of death in developed countries.
To promote the development of tailored therapies of atherosclerotic disease and its complications, a more profound understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the disease is necessary.
In this study 143 patients with mild to severe PAOD were porspectively enrolled and presenting to the vascular clinic for evaluation and treatment of femoropopliteal disease.
It is now widely recognized that monocytes do not constitute a homogeneous population. Monocyte subsets can be discriminated and show divergent functions and play special roles in the formation and progress of atherosclerotic lesions. Infiltration of leukocytes, in particular monocytes, is the driving force of atherosclerotic lesion formation. Besides their role in initial lesion formation, monocytes are also involved in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions from a stabe to an unstable, vulnerable phenotype. In humans the monocyte subsets differ in their expressions of the receptor CD14 and CD16. CD14++CD16- monocytes dominate in the peripheral circulation and are described as classical proinflammatory monocytes. CD14+CD16++ monocytes are the non-classical and anti-inflammatory monocyte subsets. Intermediate CD14++CD16+ monocytes represent the smallest monocyte population and is closely related to proinflammatory monocytes. A potential role of these monocyte subsets has been evaluated in various clinical trials of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Besides myocardial infarction, PAOD is a major clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis. PAOD causes debilitating intermittent claudication and limb ischemia, which can progress to gangrene and tissue necrosis, commonly requiring amputation.
In the current study we prospectively assessed monocyte levels as well as monocyte subset distributions and phenotype in patients with various degree of peripheral atherosclerosis of the lower limb in correlation with the severity of PAOD, as assessed by the Rutherford score. Aim of the study is to provide first evidence that monocyte subsets can serve as biomarkers for disease progression and may play diverse roles in PAOD. To further characterize the monocyte subset response in patients with different stages of PAOD, we assessed the expression of the characteristic phenotypic markers CD11b, CX3CR1, CCR2, CD162, CD106 and MPO. This study reveals sustantial dynamics in monocyte subset distributions and phenotype between different stages of PAOD. Intermediate CD14++CD16++ monocytes were identified as the most promising biomarker for disease progression. This subset in addition showed an upregulation of the poatherogenic markers CD162/PSGL-1 and MPO with disease progression. There were no changes of CD11b, CX3CR2 and CCR2 between the different disease stages. Notably, MPO expression that similarly increased also in classical pro inflammatory monocytes in advanced stages of PAOD, may serve as a potential therapeutic target to decrease the inflammatory burden in advances stages of peripheral atherosclerosis.
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Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall and the underlying cause of cardiovascular complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). Despite advances in treatment strategies, current clinic otucomes remain poor in patients with PAOD. PAOD is the leading cause of death in developed countries.
To promote the development of tailored therapies of atherosclerotic disease and its complications, a more profound underst...
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