The response of bacteria to major environmental changes is designated as stress response. Previous analyses of the stress response of Lactococcus lactis to heat shock were limited to the identification of prominent heat shock proteins, such as DnaK and GroEL. In the present study using advanced proteomic technologies (e.g. IPG-Dalt, DIGE, MALDI-TOF MS), several more differences in the proteome of L. lactis after heat shock at 43°C were detected, and additional stress proteins (e.g. DpsA, GrpE, SodA) as well as regulators (e.g. LlrA, PurR) and some proteins with so far unknown function ( e.g. BmpA, YphC, YuiC) were identified. High hydrostatic pressure inactivates microorganisms and thus is used for food conservation. The occurrence of high pressure resistant bacteria demands the determination of cellular factors involved in inactivation and development of pressure resistance. Proteome analyses after sublethal high pressure treatment of L. lactis and Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis demonstrated differences in the expression of proteins, which are related to deleterious pressure effects onto cells, such as inhibited growth (e.g. NrdEF, RecA, YnaB), disruption of protein synthesis (e.g. Era) or damage of cell envelope (e.g. MurC, MurF). Remarkably, high pressure induced the modification of a newly identified cold shock protein in Lb. sanfranciscensis and influenced the expression of several proteins related to the purine metabolism, which were influenced at heat shock as well. The alkaline proteome of L. lactis was so far excluded from proteome analyses due to methodical problems. Therefore, the conditions for isoelectric focusing in the pH range from 6 to 12 were optimized and standardized and reference maps were established. In total, 153 protein spots were identified, including hydrophobic, low abundant and low molecular weight proteins. The complete in silico data of the analysis (e.g. CAI, GRAVY), as well as the clickable reference maps, were included in a newly constructed database to facilitate future proteome analyses (www.wzw.tum.de/proteomik/lactis/).
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The response of bacteria to major environmental changes is designated as stress response. Previous analyses of the stress response of Lactococcus lactis to heat shock were limited to the identification of prominent heat shock proteins, such as DnaK and GroEL. In the present study using advanced proteomic technologies (e.g. IPG-Dalt, DIGE, MALDI-TOF MS), several more differences in the proteome of L. lactis after heat shock at 43°C were detected, and additional stress proteins (e.g. DpsA, GrpE, S...
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