Driven by exoplanet discoveries and the ongoing progress in related technologies, the idea of interstellar travel and exploration has gained momentum in the recent decade. While there are already various suggestions for probe concepts and considerations on relevant technologies, only few, limited research activities on suitable exploration strategies exist.
This thesis derives optimal strategies for exploring near-by stars. The problem of interstellar exploration mission design is formulated as bi-objective multi-vehicle open routing problem with profits. The resulting optimization problem is addressed with an adapted hybrid multi-objective genetic algorithm. The underlying generic mission model assumes probes travelling at a constant velocity of 10 % of the speed of light along straight-lined trajectories with restriction to flybys. The used star models are based on the second Gaia data release (Gaia DR2) and contain a maximum of 10,000 stars. This corresponds to a spherical domain around Sol with a radius of 110 light years. In the star modelling context, a stellar metric is suggested to assign each star a score according to its potential contribution to the entire mission return. Furthermore, a test model with an exact uniform star distribution is built to validate and adjust the algorithm.
It is found that the algorithm performance can be improved significantly by means of an initial relaxation of the time constraint, which limits the maximum route length. Applied to the test model, the algorithm generates a solution with a deviation of 10 % to the ideal value. A qualitative analysis of the Gaia based star models revealed a uniform distribution of stars, excluding the effect of binary or multiple star systems.
Assuming a constant probe number, a linear relation between mission duration and number of explored stars is observed. For a given mission duration, the number of explored stars increases with probe number m according to ~m^0.6. Furthermore, star selection and route structure are found to differ with probe number: While high probe number missions focus on stars in the immediate solar neighborhood, low probe number missions include more distant stars, enabling shorter transfers along the route. From these observations, the following conclusions for interstellar exploration strategies are inferred: If the energy resources are limited (e. g. due to low fuel reserves) and the exploration mission is not restricted to very nearby stars, low probe numbers are more efficient. Contrarily, high probe numbers allow for a faster exploration of the nearest stars at the expense of less resource-optimal transfers, which represents a suitable strategy for small-scale, remotely propelled probe concepts. Given the derived scaling law characteristics it is recommended to consider swarm-based probe concepts to mitigate crowding effects when planning high probe number missions.
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Driven by exoplanet discoveries and the ongoing progress in related technologies, the idea of interstellar travel and exploration has gained momentum in the recent decade. While there are already various suggestions for probe concepts and considerations on relevant technologies, only few, limited research activities on suitable exploration strategies exist.
This thesis derives optimal strategies for exploring near-by stars. The problem of interstellar exploration mission design is formulated a...
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