In this thesis, the current research relevant to the behaviour of wood in rigid rockfall protection systems
is reviewed. This comprises of rockfall, impact bending strength, the suitability of different wood
species and the influences on wood deterioration. In addition, the so called “bullet effect “of flexible
rockfall protection systems and protection forests are briefly discussed, as they are also of importance
to systems made of wood. It is shown that there is urgent need for further research and standardization
regarding the impact bending strength of large wood specimen. Robinia pseudoacacia is found to
be the most suitable of all locally available wood species, whereas spruce should be avoided. The processes
involved in rockfall can nowadays be simulated with sufficient accuracy to design appropriate
rockfall protection systems. In addition, a better understanding of the energy absorption is needed to
properly dimension wooden rockfall barriers.
During the field research in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland, the state of the art in construction
design and the condition of existing systems was evaluated to find common features, strengths and
weak spots and the potential for optimization. A strong influence between the position of an element
in the system and the intensity of biological, chemical, and physical damaging effects was shown by
the combination of visual inspection, 569 wood moisture- and 98 drilling resistance measurements.
The wood moisture is also affected by the wood species used. Furthermore, wood moisture varies with
exposition of the system. However, the small number of visited sites does not allow for an attribution
of this variation to only this factor. The construction type, age, and uneven distribution of precipitation
across the research area play a role as well. In addition, these variables lead to a large scatter, which
hides possible effects of the elevation above sea level. Lastly, an influence of the vegetation on the
wood degradation was observed. With an overall low average wood moisture of 20,1 % fungal attack
is limited and the systems offer long-lasting protection from rockfall if suitable lithologic and topographic
settings are present.
In the conclusion the results are discussed and recommendations for further research are made. Potential
test setups are presented, that investigate the impact bending strength of large specimen as
well as the energy absorption capacity of entire systems. A standardization of impact bending strength
test procedures should be developed during future investigations. This would allow for a dimensioning
procedure for wooden barriers similar to the one used for net systems. In combination with the proposed
optimizations, which are expected to increase the energy absorption capacity to 150-200 kJ, this
should once more turn wooden rockfall barriers into an attractive, reliable, and sustainable part of
modern protection from alpine hazards.
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In this thesis, the current research relevant to the behaviour of wood in rigid rockfall protection systems
is reviewed. This comprises of rockfall, impact bending strength, the suitability of different wood
species and the influences on wood deterioration. In addition, the so called “bullet effect “of flexible
rockfall protection systems and protection forests are briefly discussed, as they are also of importance
to systems made of wood. It is shown that there is urgent need for further res...
»