The Industry 4.0 revolution is both a major challenge and a great opportunity for automotive manufacturers. By transforming their final assembly into a smart factory, manufacturers can meet the demand for increasing vehicle heterogeneity arising from the diffusion of alternative drivetrain technologies. To remain competitive in a dynamic, uncertain market environment, an automotive smart factory has to achieve an optimal balance between efficiency, flexibility, and robustness. Data-driven advanced planning algorithms are a key enabler in such a smart factory. On top of that, major automotive players recently started to consider a precedent break with the concept of assembly line production, which has been the status quo in this industry for the past century. They envision novel flexible assembly layouts, in which automated guided vehicles transport bodyworks on individual routes between assembly stations. The greater flexibility in this reinvented final assembly allows to cope better with high levels of vehicle heterogeneity.
In this thesis, we study the design and configuration of flexible assembly layouts and compare them to conventional assembly lines. We find that flexible assembly layouts have efficiency advantages of up to 30% compared to assembly lines. These advantages come at the price of an increased work in progress and a greater complexity when planning and controlling operations. We show that flexible assembly layouts are especially beneficial when facing high vehicle heterogeneity or changing demand mixes, e.g., during ramp-ups. Furthermore, we develop a data-driven robust sequencing approach for conventional assembly lines, targeted at improving sequence stability. In light of decreasing in-house production, stable supplier signals become of utmost importance for a reliable just-in-sequence part supply. We show that our robust sequencing approach outperforms best practice approaches from industry and literature regarding this objective. This thesis aims at supporting automotive manufacturers in the vital transformation to a smart factory. We seek to build bridges between academic research and industrial practice. By providing quantifiable scientific evidence on future production design, the insights from this thesis constitute a valuable guidance for automotive practitioners. For academics, the presented problems raise challenging methodological questions that open new fields for scientific research.
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The Industry 4.0 revolution is both a major challenge and a great opportunity for automotive manufacturers. By transforming their final assembly into a smart factory, manufacturers can meet the demand for increasing vehicle heterogeneity arising from the diffusion of alternative drivetrain technologies. To remain competitive in a dynamic, uncertain market environment, an automotive smart factory has to achieve an optimal balance between efficiency, flexibility, and robustness. Data-driven advanc...
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