Pianists are able to demonstrate extraordinarily fine movement control and simultaneously take other elements of music into consideration, even at considerable playing speeds. Previous studies have revealed different upper extremity movement organisation between expert pianists and novice piano players. Nevertheless, the change of skilled pianists’ muscle activity in response to different playing speeds was unclear. This study’s aim is to investigate the influence of different playing speeds on muscle activity in skilled pianists’ back, upper arm, and forearm. In the study, four female pianists played a classical music piece at slow, medium, and fast tempi (60, 90, and 120 bpm, respectively). Electromyography (EMG) and the Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) data was gathered throughout the entire performance and analysed. Our results identified the least amount of muscle activity at the slow tempo, whereas the highest amount of activity at the fast tempo. From tempo 90 to 120 bpm, muscle activity from the back and most of the forearm muscles demonstrated a statistically significant upswing. Counterintuitively, regardless of the increase in muscle activity between tempo 60 and 90 bpm from most of the muscles, none of them were statistically significant different. Our findings suppose that pianists may be capable of performing at a range of different playing speeds without increasing their muscle activities. However, beyond this range of playing speeds, a different motor behaviour may be required in order to respond to a higher demand from the neuromuscular system. This study lays the groundwork for research regarding muscle activity in piano playing at a higher level of proficiency. Future studies could investigate muscle synergies and co-contractions in response to different playing speeds to further explore the mechanisms of pianists’ ability to play at fast tempi.
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Pianists are able to demonstrate extraordinarily fine movement control and simultaneously take other elements of music into consideration, even at considerable playing speeds. Previous studies have revealed different upper extremity movement organisation between expert pianists and novice piano players. Nevertheless, the change of skilled pianists’ muscle activity in response to different playing speeds was unclear. This study’s aim is to investigate the influence of different playing speeds on...
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