The appearance of surface deflections on sheet metal parts is undesirable. When surface deflections are detected on a sheet metal part during tryout, the tool geometry has to be modified. This procedure is performed at a later stage of the product development process which leads to high costs and effort. Therefore, it is useful to detect surface deflections before the actual production in the finite element simulation. Then, it is much easier to modify the tool geometry in such a way that surface deflections don’t occur any more.     «

The appearance of surface deflections on sheet metal parts is undesirable. When surface deflections are detected on a sheet metal part during tryout, the tool geometry has to be modified. This procedure is performed at a later stage of the product development process which leads to high costs and effort. Therefore, it is useful to detect surface deflections before the actual production in the finite element simulation. Then, it is much easier to modify the tool geometry in such a way that surfac...     »