@phdthesis{dissertation, author = {Khan, Aftab Ahmed}, title = {Constraints and concepts for the support of different locomotion types in indoor navigation}, year = {2015}, school = {Technische Universität München}, pages = {204}, language = {en}, abstract = {Human beings spend a large amount of their time in indoor environments making the indoor navigation an important area for research. Consequently, other types of locomotion (e.g., wheelchair, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)) also spend their time in indoor environments to perform various activities. For all types of locomotion, there is a need to determine navigable spaces to carry out their specific tasks smoothly (particularly in public buildings like airports and train stations). There are several frameworks to determine navigable spaces for indoor navigation of different types of locomotion. However, most of indoor navigational frameworks focus on one single type of locomotion, i.e., either walking, driving, or flying. This selection of single type of locomotion is often very important with regard to the way indoor environments are represented, because these representations typically cannot be used for other types of locomotion. For example, a graph-based abstraction of indoor spaces for a wheelchair is not sufficient for a flying UAV. Thus, it creates the problem of not supporting different types of locomotion for their indoor navigation. This thesis contributes to address the problem of not supporting different types of locomotion in indoor navigation by means of determining their navigating requirements. The definition, classification, and formalization of these requirements lead to the induction of individual constraint for each type of locomotion. Based on individual constraints, the conceptual constraint model for the locomotion types is presented. The conceptual constraint model allows for the modelling of physical requirements of each type of locomotion to navigate in a semantically enriched indoor environment. Furthermore, this model plays a crucial role in the determination of navigable and non-navigable indoor spaces for the specific type of locomotion, leading effectively to differentiate 3-dimensional subspaces. This thesis further contributes by presenting a subspacing method to compute navigable subspaces for the different locomotion types which are embedded in framework of the Multi-layered Space-Event Model (MLSEM). Since there are different semantic 3-dimensional building modelling standards (e.g., IFC and CityGML) which have different approaches of geometric and semantic representations. Thus, to apply a homogeneous subspacing method, a two-step transformation process is presented, which translates Building Information Models (in IFC format) to Topography Information Models (in CityGML LoD4) and, then transforms them into IndoorGML building data models (IndoorGML is an application schema of MLSEM and a new Open Geospatial Consortium standard for indoor building models). The main scientific contribution of this thesis is the development of a conceptual constraint model and the subspacing method. The constraint model facilitates indoor navigation for the different locomotion types and the subspacing method computes navigable subspaces for different types of locomotion using semantic 3-dimensional building models. Another contribution of this thesis is the coupling of IndoorGML with a cloud-based system to simplify the IndoorGML model dataset for the common user to modify and interact, and use for the context aware indoor routing. The concepts and methods presented in this thesis can be utilized for the disciplines of indoor navigation and building information modeling. In indoor navigation, it can be used for computing navigable subspaces and context aware indoor routing using semantic 3-dimensional building models for different types of locomotion. Similarly, in the field of building information modeling, the methods presented in this thesis can be utilized to determine navigable subspaces and extract network graphs from BIM models to use for analyses, simulations, and facility management in different scenarios (e.g., simulation of a rescue operation). In future, based on this thesis a series of research works can be initiated which include: the conceptual constraint model can be extended to include the body part constraints of locomotion types, subspacing method can be integrated with utility networks of building models for the utilization of indoor resources in the field of facility management, and conceptual constraint models can be used for the semantic interpretation of 3-dimensional geometric building models. }, keywords = {Indoor Navigation, Locomotion types, Subspacing, Semantic 3D building models}, note = {}, url = {https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1233285}, }