In numerous publications it has been shown that various environmental pollutants have harmful effects on wildlife and man due to their hormonal activity. Whereas a substantial amount of substances with estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity have already been identified by different methods, the scientific work on endocrine disruptors with androgenic or antiandrogenic effects is much less. As a result, the number of published systems for testing androgenic activity on a cellular level is rather small. One method for measuring the interaction of endocrine disruptors and the endocrine system is by the use of endogenous gene expression assays, based on expression of mRNA. In contrast to previous in-vivo models, our group aimed at establishing a system that expresses only the androgen receptor (AR). The expression of androgen-regulated genes should then be assayed after exposure to androgenic / antiandrogenic substances to determine their endocrine-disruptive potential. This publication describes the successful development of such an in-vitro test system. The basis of the described functional test system are two epithelial cell culture models of human prostate carcinoma cell line 22RV1 and primary porcine prostate epithelial cells (NPE). Both models haven been successfully established and characterized. Cell line 22RV1 expresses selectively the androgen receptor and only minor amounts of GluRb. On the other hand, steroid receptors for androgen, estrogen a / b, progestin and glucocorticoid a / b, have been identified in the NPE cell line. Thus, the two systems complement one another regarding selectivity (AR in cell line 22RV1) and in-vivo comparability (NPE cell line). After successfully establishing the cell lines, the androgen-dependent genes have been selected and the expression patterns were quantified with real-time RT-PCR based on LightCycler® methodology. Different steroids and pesticides have then been investigated to measure their ability to influence the expression of the selected androgen-dependent genes. The newly developed functional gene expression assay based on the 22RV1 cell line provided a sensitive and substance-specific determination of differential gene expression patterns of natural and synthetic androgens, as well as a differentiation of the investigated pesticides. The NPE system, based on a primary cell line provided an even more selective determination of the pesticides based on the induced gene expression patterns. Furthermore, it was shown, that Fentinacetate acts as an endocrine disruptor with androgenic properties, due a comparable expression pattern with testosterone. Epithelial cell culture systems 22RV1 and NPE proved to be an easily manageable tool for both the evaluation of endocrine disruptors with androgenic potential and for differentiation between natural and synthetic androgens.
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In numerous publications it has been shown that various environmental pollutants have harmful effects on wildlife and man due to their hormonal activity. Whereas a substantial amount of substances with estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity have already been identified by different methods, the scientific work on endocrine disruptors with androgenic or antiandrogenic effects is much less. As a result, the number of published systems for testing androgenic activity on a cellular level is rather sm...
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