The aim of the project was to investigate mechanisms for the adaptation of plants to a potential caesium- and radio caesium-stress, and to study the molecular genetic processes, which are responsible for caesium uptake from soil. In order to identify responsive genes for caesium and radiation tolerance, root-specific transcripts of Arabidopsis thaliana, treated with caesium-133 or caesium-134 respectively, were compared by subtractive suppression hybridisation and macroarrays.; the genes were verified with semi quantitative and quantitative RT-PCR. Caesium and potassium ions enter the root cells of plants via common uptake systems. While potassium is essential for the plant, caesium does not have physiological functions. The following genes could be found as differentially expressed due to increased Caesium-133 concentrations (150µM) in the environment: The induction of redox-enzymes (e.g. superoxide Dismutase, thioredoxin, peroxidase) and other enzymes linked to oxidative stress in plants. Different transcript-levels between control and treated plants of genes were identified, which play a part in stabilisation (Chaperone, Heat shock proteins) or metabolism of proteins (peptidases, protease inhibitors). Increased expression rates could be found for protective agents of macromolecules or effective osmotic substances (prolin, osmotin, LEA-proteines, etc.); parallel, the transcription of different aquaporin genes was reduced. Activities of 30Bq/cm3 of caesium-134 were used to study the long-term effects of low activity radiation to Arabidopsis thaliana. Concerning the identified genes, great differences were recognized compared with the Caesium-133 experiments: Increased expression of genes of the excision repair system and the recombination repair (mre11); Influence of the cell division (cylinB1 and other cellcycle-controlling genes). Beside, some enzymes related to the cytoskeleton metabolism were impaired at transcription level (profilin2, putative actin depolymerising factor, beta-5 tubulin). Analogue to the caesium-133 experiments an induction of enzymes of the oxidative stress was found (superoxid dismutase, thioredoxin, catalase). Uptake experiments with caesium and radio caesium showed that the alkali metal was accumulated in the plant; simultaneously the potassium concentration in Arabidopsis was decreased. With increased caesium concentrations the adult plants were reduced in size and root growth. The leaves were partially defective in pigmentation (chlorosis) and showed necrotic spots. Weak radiation did not have effects on the phenotypes. Only with activities of above 60Bq/cm3 in the medium a reduced growth were recognized. Additionally, different potassium transport-mutants were compared with the wild type. Only the csi52-mutant showed a reduced caesium uptake; simultaneous to the lower caesium concentration in the leaves, an increased transcript-level of different potassium channels (KCO, ATKC) compared to the wild type was observed. For clarifying this phenomenon, first experiments were carried out to over express or inhibit (RNAi) the genes of the potassium channels in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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The aim of the project was to investigate mechanisms for the adaptation of plants to a potential caesium- and radio caesium-stress, and to study the molecular genetic processes, which are responsible for caesium uptake from soil. In order to identify responsive genes for caesium and radiation tolerance, root-specific transcripts of Arabidopsis thaliana, treated with caesium-133 or caesium-134 respectively, were compared by subtractive suppression hybridisation and macroarrays.; the genes were v...
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