To meet the environmental goal of a largely greenhouse gas-neutral transport system, motorized private vehicle trips need to be shifted to more sustainable modes. This study tested for long-distance travel in Germany in 2030 the the traffic and environmental implications of push strategies (implementing toll roads and increasing auto operating costs) and pull strategies (improving access to rail with on-demand services and improving rail and long-distance bus services). A synthetic population for 2030 was generated. The strategies were simulated using the agent-based travel demand model ALTO. Mode choice accounted for access and egress modes and tolls. The indicators for evaluation of various scenarios include modal split, vehicle kilometers travelled, traffic congestion and CO2eq emissions. Some of the strategies effectively reduced CO2eq emissions. Results suggest that only radical scenarios that will be politically difficult to implement can help to curb emissions substantially.     «

To meet the environmental goal of a largely greenhouse gas-neutral transport system, motorized private vehicle trips need to be shifted to more sustainable modes. This study tested for long-distance travel in Germany in 2030 the the traffic and environmental implications of push strategies (implementing toll roads and increasing auto operating costs) and pull strategies (improving access to rail with on-demand services and improving rail and long-distance bus services). A synthetic population fo...     »