Dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages play a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses. In order to detect novel genes, which play a specific role in the biology of these cells, a differential gene expression analysis between mouse bone marrow (BM) derived DC and mouse BM derived macrophages was performed. We were able to identify a set of so far unknown genes that were exclusively expressed in BM-DC. In the first part of this study, the structure, expression pattern, subcellular localisation and biological functions of one of these genes, termed A21/D2, was analysed. I could identify A21/D2 as a member of a new family of molecules with homology to the superfamily of sushi-repeat-containing proteins. The data further suggest that A21/D2 is a secreted molecule. Additionally, EGFP-reporter mice were generated using a Knock-in approach into the endogenous A21/D2 locus to explore the cellular distribution of A21/D2(EGFP) expression in mouse organs. A21/D2 reporter mice show expression of A21/D2(EGFP) in about 1-2% of GM-CSF differentiated BM-DC and in individual, non-hematopoietic (CD45 negative) cells of various organs. Most A21/D2(EGFP)-positive cells could be detected in uterus, ovary, bladder, heart and lung. Staining with the fat cell marker Nile red revealed A21/D2(EGFP)-expression in a fraction of fat cells in the thymus, gut, heart and lung. Co-localisation of A21/D2(EGFP) with a fat cell marker indicates a role for A21/D2 in fat cell biology or fatty acid metabolism. With the generation of A21/D2-deficient mice it is now possible to study the function of A21/D2 in vivo. In the second part of this study, I analysed the role of the DC and macrophage produced cytokine Interleukin (IL)-18 in the regulation of immune responses. For this purpose, the effect of IL-18-Blockade was studied in various models of murine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and a murine infection model with Listeria monocytogenes. I could show, that blocking IL-18 in IBD models leads to a reduction in the local proinflammatory cytokine levels, but not to an improvement in colitis pathology. Whereas IL-18-Blockade had no beneficial effect in IBD, blocking of IL-18 lead to significant lower Listeria titers in spleen and liver of mice upon infection with Listeria monocytogenes. However, I could not confirm the proposed effect of IL-18 on the establishment of Listeria specific T-cell response. After blocking IL-18, specific CD8+ T-cell and IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha positive Th1 T-cell frequencies were slightly reduced in the primary response against L. monocytogenes, but no differences could be observed in the recall response after reinfection with Listeria monocytogenes.
«Dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages play a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses. In order to detect novel genes, which play a specific role in the biology of these cells, a differential gene expression analysis between mouse bone marrow (BM) derived DC and mouse BM derived macrophages was performed. We were able to identify a set of so far unknown genes that were exclusively expressed in BM-DC. In the first part of this study, the structure, expression pattern, subcellular localis...
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