An attempt is made to derive equations involved in predicting lock time and the transient response of synthesizer phase-locked loops (PLLs). A second-order and a fourth-order model are presented. The second-order model is an accurate and easy to use method to analyze the lock time. The fourth-order analysis uses no mathematical approximations other than the continuous-time approximation for the phase detector. Based on actual lock time measurements, it is demonstrated that even the simplest second-order method assuming a linear PLL behavior can yield very good results.     «

An attempt is made to derive equations involved in predicting lock time and the transient response of synthesizer phase-locked loops (PLLs). A second-order and a fourth-order model are presented. The second-order model is an accurate and easy to use method to analyze the lock time. The fourth-order analysis uses no mathematical approximations other than the continuous-time approximation for the phase detector. Based on actual lock time measurements, it is demonstrated that even the simplest seco...     »